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Spanish 202 > Chapter 5 Grammar 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Grammar 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

definition of the past subjunctive (or imperfect subjunctive)

A
  • the subjunctive mood is used in a subordinate clause to express events that are outside the speaker’s realm of knowledge or experience
  • when the timeframe for these events is the present, the present subjunctive is used
  • when the timeframe for these events is the past, the past/imperfect subjunctive is used
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2
Q

imperfect subjunctive form

A
  • all past subjunctive forms are based on ellos forms of the preterit
  • the third person plural ending -ron is dropped and replaced by the past subjunctive ending -ra
  • all nosotros/as forms of the past subjunctive require a written accent mark
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3
Q

hablar

imperfect subjunctive form

A 
to speak
ellos form of the preterit: hablaron
hablara
hablaras
hablara
habláramos
hablarais
hablaran
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4
Q

comer

imperfect subjunctive form

A 
to eat
ellos form of the preterit: comieron
comiera
comieras
comiera
comiéramos
comierais
comieran
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5
Q

vivir

imperfect subjunctive form

A 
to live
ellos form of the preterit: vivieron
viviera
vivieras
viviera
viviéramos
vivierais
vivieran
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6
Q
  • irregularities in the ellos forms of the preterit (also appear in the past subjunctive):
  • when the stem of an -er or -ir verb ends in a vowel…
A
  • ieron become yeron in the preterit.

- this same change appears in the past subjunctive

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7
Q

leer

imperfect subjunctive form

A 
to read
ellos form of the preterit: leyeron
leyera
leyeras
leyera
leyéramos
leyerais
leyeran
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8
Q
  • irregularities in the ellos forms of the preterit (also appear in the past subjunctive):
  • ir verbs with a stem-change in the preterit…
A
  • e to -i
  • o to -u
  • have the same stem-change in the past subjunctive
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9
Q

pedir

imperfect subjunctive form

A 
to ask for / to order
ellos form of the preterit: pidieron
pidiera
pidieras
pidiera
pidiéramos
pidierais
pidieran
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10
Q

morir

imperfect subjunctive form

A 
to die
ellos form of the preterit: murieron
muriera
murieras
muriera
muriéramos
murierais
murieran
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11
Q

verbs with irregular or “strong” stems in the preterit…

A

…show these same patterns in the past subjunctive

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12
Q

haber

imperfect subjunctive form

A 
to have
ellos form of the preterit: hubieron
hubiera
hubieras
hubiéramos
hubiera
hubierais
hubieran
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13
Q

hacer

imperfect subjunctive form

A 
to do/make
ellos form of the preterit: hicieron
hiciera
hicieras
hiciera
hiciéramos
hicierais
hicieran
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14
Q

tener

imperfect subjunctive form

A 
to have
ellos form of the preterit: tuvieron
tuviera
tuvieras
tuviera
tuviéramos
tuvierais
tuvieran
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15
Q

ser

imperfect subjunctive form

A 
to be
ellos form of the preterit: fueron
fuera
fueras
fuera
fuéramos
fuerais
fueran
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16
Q

decir

imperfect subjunctive form

A 
to say / to tell
ellos form of the preterit: dijeron
dijera
dijeras
dijera
dijéramos
dijerais
dijeran
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17
Q

como si

A
  • as if, as though

- the past subjunctive is always used after the expression “como si”

18
Q

ojalá que

A
  • I wish, if only

- the past subjunctive rarely appears in a main clause, except when this begins with ojalá que

19
Q

a few verbs are used in the past subjunctive in a main clause to make polite requests or statements

A
  • querer
  • poder
  • deber
20
Q

querer

imperfect subjunctive form

A 
to want
ellos form of the preterit: quisieron
quisiera
quisieras
quisiera
quisiéramos
quisierais
quisieran
21
Q

poder

imperfect subjunctive form

A 
should / be able to
ellos form of the preterit: pudieron
pudiera
pudieras
pudiera
pudiéramos
pudierais
pudieran
22
Q

deber

imperfect subjunctive form

A 
to owe / should
ellos form of the preterit: debieron
debiera
debieras
debiera
debiéramos
debierais
debieran
23
Q

An “if” clause

A
  • begins with the word “si”
  • states a condition
  • as a dependent clause, must be paired with an independent or resultant clause to form a complete sentence, regardless of which clause is ordered first
24
Q

There are three types of situations conveyed by “if” clauses using simple tenses:

A
  • habitual
  • probable
  • hypothetical (or improbable, contrary to fact)
25
Q

An “if” clause: To express a habitual condition and result, whether in the present or the past timeframe…

A

…the indicative (present, preterite, imperfect, conditional, future) is used in both the “if” clause and the resultant clause.

26
Q

An “if” clause: To express a probable (or possible) condition and result (in other words, a situation that may or can still occur)…

A

…the indicative is used in both the “if” clause (in the present tense) and the resultant clause (in the present tense, future tense, or command form).

27
Q

An “if” clause: To express a hypothetical (or improbable) condition and result (i.e., a situation that is contrary to fact or most likely will or would not occur)…

A

…the past subjunctive is used in the “if” clause and the conditional tense is used in the resultant clause.

28
Q

dormir

imperfect subjunctive form

A 
to sleep
ellos form of the preterit: durmieron
durmiera
durmieras
durmiera
durmiéramos
durmierais
durmieran
29
Q

ir

imperfect subjunctive form

A 
to go
ellos form of the preterit: fueron
fuera
fueras
fuera
fuéramos
fuerais
fueran
30
Q

estar

imperfect subjunctive form

A 
to be
ellos form of the preterit: estuvieron
estuviera
estuvieras
estuviera
estuviéramos
estuvierais
estuvieran
31
Q

creer

imperfect subjunctive form

A 
to believe
ellos form of the preterit: creyeron
creyera
creyeras
creyera
creyéramos
creyerais
creyeran
32
Q

vestir

imperfect subjunctive form

A 
to wear
ellos form of the preterit: vistieron
vistiera
vistieras
vistiera
vistiéramos
vistierais
vistieran
33
Q

When the timeframe for a main clause that triggers the subjunctive is the present tense, the future tense, or a command…

A

…the subordinate clause requires the present subjunctive.

34
Q

When the main clause timeframe is the past tense, whether in the preterit or the imperfect…

A

…the subordinate clause requires the past subjunctive.

35
Q

volver

imperfect subjunctive form

A 
to return
ellos form of the preterit: volvieron
volviera
volvieras
volviera
volviéramos
volvierais
volvieran
36
Q

ver

imperfect subjunctive form

A 
to see / to watch
ellos form of the preterit: vieron
viera
vieras
viera
viéramos
vierais
vieran
37
Q

entender

imperfect subjunctive form

A 
to understand
ellos form of the preterit: entendieron
entendiera
entendieras
entendiera
entendiéramos
entendierais
entendieran
38
Q

traer

imperfect subjunctive form

A 
to bring
ellos form of the preterit: trajeron
trajera
trajeras
trajera
trajéramos
trajerais
trajeran
39
Q

An “if” clause in the present tense describes…

A

…a condition that is possible or probable.

40
Q

An “if” clause in the present tense requires…

A

…a result clause in the future tense.

41
Q

saber

imperfect subjunctive form

A 
to know
ellos form of the preterit: supieron
supiera
supieras
supiera
supiéramos
supierais
supieran
42
Q

escoger

imperfect subjunctive form

A 
to choose
ellos form of the preterit: escogieron
escogiera
escogieras
escogiera
escogiéramos
escogierais
escogieran

Spanish 202 (11 decks)

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