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Breaking Bad > Chapter 6: Forces > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Forces Flashcards

1
Q

What happens when two forces act in the same direction

A

Their strengths are added

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2
Q

The greater the mass of an object has what effect on its inertia

A

its inertia is greater

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3
Q

The force of gravity on a person or object on the surface of a planet is
called

A

weight

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4
Q

The force that one surface exerts on another when the two rub against
each other is called

A

friction

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5
Q

Forces can be added together only if they are

A

acting on the same object

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6
Q

Gravity will pull a pencil down with the same force as a feather with the
same mass. This is an example of

A

Newton’s second law of motion

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7
Q

According to Newton’s third law of motion, when a hammer strikes and
exerts force on a nail, the nail

A

exerts an equal and opposite force on the hammer

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8
Q

If you drop a sheet of paper horizontal to the floor and a crumpled ball of
paper at the same time from the same height in your classroom, the
crumpled ball of paper will hit the floor first because

A

air friction has a greater effect on the sheet of paper dropped
horizontally

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9
Q

An object that orbits another object in space is called a(n)

A

satellite

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10
Q

How can you increase the momentum of an object

A

by increasing its mass

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11
Q

The overall force on an object after all the forces are added together is called the
____________ force

A

net

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12
Q

One ________ is the force required to accelerate 1 kilogram of mass at 1
meter per second per second

A

Newton

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13
Q

The force of gravity between you and Earth is greater than the force of gravity between you
and a car because Earth has more ____________________ than the car

A

mass

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14
Q

According to Newton’s third law of motion, the strength of a reaction force is
________ __ the strength of the action force.

A

equal to

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15
Q

The force of gravity is responsible for continuously changing the _________ in
which a satellite moves

A

direction

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16
Q

True or False: When the only force acting on a falling object is air resistance, the object
is said to be in free fall

A

False: Gravity

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17
Q

True or False: The property of matter that resists a change in motion is called inertia

A

True

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18
Q

True or False: To calculate the density of an object, you multiply mass by volume

A

False: divide

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19
Q

True or False: Friction depends on the types of surfaces involved and how hard the
surfaces push together

A

True

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20
Q

The theory of gravity describes the attraction between all objects in the
universe

A

False: law

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21
Q

How do you calculate acceleration

A

Final Speed-Initial Speed/Time

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22
Q

Why don’t action-reaction forces cancel out

A

. Forces may cancel out only if they are acting on the same object. Action and reaction forces act on different
objects. For example, when a person kicks a ball, the action force is on the ball but the reaction force is on the person’s foot. Therefore, the forces cannot cancel

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23
Q

A book is sitting on the dashboard of a car that is stopped at a traffic light. As the car starts to
move forward, the book slides backward off the dashboard. Use the term inertia to explain
what happened

A

When the car is stopped at the traffic light, the dashboard (which is part of the car) and the book are both at rest. As the car accelerates forward, the dashboard moves forward. But no force is exerted directly on the book, so it remains at rest. Because of its inertia, the book does not move forward when the dashboard moves forward. From the reference point of the car, the book appears to move backward, sliding off the dashboard

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24
Q

A skydiver with a mass of 70 kg accelerates to Earth at a rate of 9.8 m/s2 due to gravity.
What is the force on the skydiver

A

. Force = Mass x Acceleration =
70 kg x 9.8 m/s2 = 686 kg x m/s2 = 686 N. According to Newton’s second law of motion, force equals mass times acceleration. In this case, the mass of the person and the
acceleration due to gravity are given. Since 1 N = 1 kg x m/s2, the final unit is the newton

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25
Q

A block of wood is at rest on a wooden ramp. When wheels are attached to the block of
wood, it moves down the ramp. Explain each situation in terms of friction

A

Without wheels, the force of sliding friction balances the gravitational force pulling the block down the ramp. There is no net force on the block, so it does not slide down the incline. When wheels are attached, the force of rolling friction is much smaller than the force of sliding friction. The gravitational force
pulling the block down the ramp is now greater than the friction force between the block and the ramp. Therefore, there is a net force on the block pulling the block down the ramp, so the block begins to move in the direction of this unbalanced force

26
Q

When you know both the speed and direction of an object’s motion, you
know the

A

velocity

27
Q

What is the SI unit of acceleration

A

m/s2

28
Q

An object changing direction is an example of

A

acceleration

29
Q

What is acceleration

A

The rate at which velocity changes (speed and direction)

30
Q

What is a force

A

A push or pull exerted on an object

31
Q

What is the newton

A

A unit of measure that equals the force required to accelerate 1 kilogram of mass at 1 meter per second

32
Q

What is net force

A

The overall force on an object when all the individual forces acting on it are added together

33
Q

What is friction

A

The force that two surfaces exert on each other when they rub against each other

34
Q

What is sliding friction

A

friction that occurs when one solid surface slides over another

35
Q

What is static friction

A

Friction that acts between object that are not moving

36
Q

What is fluid friction

A

Friction that occurs as an object moves through a fluid

37
Q

What is rolling friction

A

Friction that occurs when an object rolls over a surface

38
Q

What is gravity

A

The attractive force between objects; the force that moves objects downhill

39
Q

What is mass

A

A measure of how much matter is in an object

40
Q

What is weight

A

A measure of the force of gravity acting on an object

41
Q

What is inertia

A

The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion

42
Q

What is momentum

A

The product of an object’s mass and velocity

43
Q

What is the law of conservation of momentum

A

The rule that in the absence of outside forces the total momentum of objects that interact doesn’t change

44
Q

What is free fall

A

The motion of a falling object when the only force acting on it is gravity

45
Q

What is a satellite

A

Any object that orbits another object in space (usually a planet)

46
Q

What is centripetal force

A

A force that causes an object to move in a circle

47
Q

What is the SI unit of acceleration

A

m/s2

48
Q

What is the SI unit of force

A

Newton (kg*m/s = N)

49
Q

What are the two factors that affect friction

A

type of surface and how hard the objects are pushed together

50
Q

What is the law of universal gravitation

A

The force of gravity acts between all objects in the universe that have mass

51
Q

What are the two factors that affect the gravitational attraction between objects

A

mass and distance (more mass = more gravity, more distance + less gravity)

52
Q

What is the SI unit of mass

A

the kilogram

53
Q

What is Newton’s first law

A

The law of inertia: an object at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by a nonzero net force. An object moving at constant velocity will continue moving at a constant velocity unless acted upon by a nonzero net force

54
Q

What is newton’s second law

A

an object’s acceleration depends on its mass and on the net force acting on it

55
Q

How do you calculate acceleration with net force and mass

A

NF/M

56
Q

How do you calculate Net Force

A

Mass*Acceleration

57
Q

What is Newton’s Third Law

A

The law of action and reaction: if an object exerts a force on another object, then the second object exerts a force of equal strength in the opposite direction on the first object

58
Q

How do you calculate momentum

A

Mass*Velocity

59
Q

What is “quantity of motion”

A

momentum

60
Q

How do you calculate velocity

A

Time*Acceleration

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