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Breaking Bad > Chapter 4 Test > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Test Flashcards

1
Q

How is matter described

A

by its characteristics/properties and how it changes (physical and chemical changes)

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2
Q

What is a physical change

A

any change that alters the form or appearance of a substance without changing it to another substance

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3
Q

What is a chemical change

A

Any change in matter that produces one or more new substances

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4
Q

What happens when something undergoes a chemical change

A

it gains new properties and changes in energy

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5
Q

What is a reactant

A

Substances that undergo the chemical changes

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6
Q

What are products

A

The substances that form from reactants in a chemical change

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7
Q

When do atoms form bonds

A

when they share or transfer electrons

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8
Q

What is a precipitate

A

a solid that forms from liquids during a chemical reaction

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9
Q

What 3 ways can you observe a chemical change

A

precipitate, gas production, and color change

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10
Q

What does forming bonds release

A

energy

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11
Q

What is an exothermic reaction

A

a reaction where the energy released as the products form is greater than the energy required to break the bonds for the reactants

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12
Q

What is an endothermic reaction

A

a reaction where more energy is required to break the bonds of the reactants than is released by the formation of the products

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13
Q

What is a chemical equation

A

a way to show a chemical reaction using symbols instead of words, tells you reactants and products

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14
Q

What is a chemical formula

A

a combination of symbols that represents the elements in a compound (an equation uses several chem formulas)

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15
Q

What does the arrow mean in a chem. equation

A

“yields”

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16
Q

What does the plus mean in a chem. equation

A

“combines(/combined) with”

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17
Q

Which French scientist first demonstrated the law of conservation of mass

A

Antoine Lavoisier

18
Q

What is the law of conservation of mass

A

during a chemical equation matter is not created or destroyed only rearranged

19
Q

What makes an equation balanced

A

when the same amout of atoms are present on both sides of an equation

20
Q

When was Antoine Lavoisier killed

A

The French Revolution

21
Q

What was Antoine Lavoisier other than a scientist

A

a lawyer and tax collector

22
Q

What happens in an open system

A

matter can enter from or escape to the surroundings

23
Q

What happens in a closed system

A

matter doesn’t enter or leave

24
Q

What is used to balance equations

A

coefficients

25
Q

What is a coefficient

A

a number placed in front of a chemical formula in an equation that tells you the amount of a reactant or product that takes part in a reaction

26
Q

What are the 3 types of Chemical Reactions

A

synthesis, decomposition, and (double/single) replacement

27
Q

What is synthesis

A

when 2 or more elements/compounds combine to make a more complex substance

28
Q

What is decomposition

A

when compounds break down into simpler products

29
Q

What is replacement

A

when one element replaces another element in a compound or if 2 elements in a compound trade places

30
Q

When fuel burns to produce CO2 what type of chemical reaction is occuring

A

a exothermic synthesis chemical reaction

31
Q

What is activation energy

A

the amount of energy needed to break the chemical bonds of the reactants and then form the new bonds (the minimum amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction)

32
Q

What do endothermic reactions need that exothermic reactions don’t

A

energy to continue the reaction

33
Q

What do the product in endothermic reactions have

A

more energy than the reactants

34
Q

What needs to happen for a chemical reaction to happen faster

A

the particles of the reactants need to collide either quicker or with more energy (they also happen quicker if there is more particles)

35
Q

What factors can affect the rates of reactions

A

surface area, temperature, concentration, and the presence of catalysts or inhibitors

36
Q

Why does temperature affect the speed of a reaction

A

because the particles move quicker from thermal energy

37
Q

Why does concentration affect the speed of a reaction

A

because there are more particles to react

38
Q

What do catalysts do

A

they lower the amount of activation energy needed for a reaction to start

39
Q

What are enzymes

A

biological catalysts that help reactions occur at body temperature

40
Q

How do enzymes work

A

they bring reactant molecules close together

41
Q

What is an inhibitor (aka preservative)

A

a material used to decrease the rate of a chemical reaction

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