Chapter 5 Test Flashcards
How is a solute different from a solvent in a solution
The solute is present in the smaller amount
How can a scientist safely tell whether an unknown solution is salt in water or
sugar in water
by testing the electrical conductivity of the solution
When a solid compound dissolves in water….
each of its particles becomes surrounded by water molecules
Weak tea is an example of a…
dilute solution
What are the properties of acids
reacts with metals and carbonates, tastes sour, and turns blue litmus paper red
How do you increase the solubility of a substance
pressure, type of solvent, and temperature
What is a likely use for a base
making soaps and detergents
When you add so much solute that no more dissolves, you have a
saturated solution
In a water solution, how do acids differ from bases
Acids form hydrogen ions (H+), while bases form hydroxide ions (OH–)
Neutralization is a reaction between a
acid and a base
A mixture containing particles that are too small to be seen easily but are large enough to
scatter a light beam is called a ___________________
colloid
Ionic and polar compounds ____________________ in water because water molecules are
polar
dissolve
Acids are ____________________, which means that they “eat away” at other materials
corrosive
In your stomach, ____________________ acid helps with digestion
hydrochloric
A(n) ____________________ is a compound that turns red litmus paper blue and is often
found in soaps and detergents
base
True or False: The products of a neutralization reaction are acids and bases
F, water and a salt
True or False: Among the factors that affect the solubility of a substance are type of
solvent, pressure, and time.
F, temperature
True or False: To help identify rocks, geologists use the properties of acids.
True
True or False: Bases feel slippery and taste sour
F, bitter
True or False: Bases form hydrogen ions (H + ) when dissolved in water.
F, hydroxide ions (OH–)
What are the differences among solutions, colloids, and suspensions
Solutions: contains small particles that are too small to see
Colloid: contains particles that are larger
than the particles in a solution but
smaller than the particles in a
suspension. The particles in a colloid
are still too small to be seen easily,
but are large enough to scatter a light
beam.
Suspension: contains undissolved particles that are large
enough to see and can settle out
Describe how particles of table salt (an ionic compound) and table sugar (a molecular
compound) differ in the way they dissolve in water.
When table salt dissolves in water,
the water molecules surround and
separate the ions from each other.
The salt crystal breaks up, forming
positive and negative ions in the
solution. When table sugar dissolves
in water, the sugar molecules separate from one another and become
surrounded by water molecules, but no ions form
If you mix an acid and base (for example: Ammonia and Vinegar) what does it become
a neutral salt with a pH closer to 7
What is an indicator
a compound that changes colour when in contact to an acid (red > blue) or base (blue > red)
What ion makes litmus paper blue when in contact with a base
Hydroxide
What ion makes litmus paper red when in contact with an acid
Hydrogen
What is a solute
the substance dissolved by the solvent
What is a solvent
the part of a solution present in the largest amount
What is a colloid
a mixture containing small, undissolved particles that don’t settle out
What is a suspension
a mixture in which particles can be seen easily separated by settling or filtration
What is a dilute solution
a mixture with little solute
What is a concentrated solution
a mixture with a lot of solute
What is solubility
a measure of how much solute you can add to a solvent
What is a saturated solution
The limit of how much solute you can add to a solution
What does corrosive mean
something that can wear away other materials
What do acids taste like
Sour
What do bases taste like
bitter
