Chapter 6: Digestive System Flashcards
1
Q
what is bilirubin?
A
orange-yellow pigment produced from old erythrocytes
2
Q
what is a bolus?
A
mass of masticated food
3
Q
what is an exocrine gland?
A
a gland that secretes to the surface of an organ or tissue
4
Q
sphincter
A
a circular band of muscle fiber that constricts a passage
5
Q
triglycerides
A
an organic compound that is mad e up of one glyceral and three fatty acids
6
Q
what is another name for the mouth
A
oral cavity
7
Q
what is mastication?
A
the mechanical breakdown of food
8
Q
what is deglutition?
A
moving food to the back of the mouth for swallowing
9
Q
what is peristalsis?
A
the forward movement of food through the GI tract
10
Q
what is the hepatic flexture?
A
the corner of the ascending and transverse colon
11
Q
what is the splenic flexure?
A
the corner between the transverse and descending colon
12
Q
or/o
A
mouth
13
Q
stomat/o
A
mouth
14
Q
gloss/o
A
tongue
15
Q
lingu/o
A
tongue
16
Q
bucc/o
A
cheek
17
Q
cheil/o
A
lip
18
Q
labi/o
A
lip
19
Q
dent/o
A
teeth
20
Q
odont/o
A
teeth
21
Q
gingiv/o
A
gums
22
Q
sial/o
A
saliva
23
Q
esophag/o
A
esophagus
24
Q
gastr/o
A
stomach
25
pylor/o
pylorus
26
duoden/o
duodenum
27
enter/o
intestine
28
jejun/o
jejunum
29
ile/o
ileum
30
append/o
appendix
31
appendic/o
appendix
32
col/o
colon
33
colon/o
colon
34
sigmoid/o
sigmoid/colon
35
rect/o
rectum
36
proct/o
anus/rectum
37
an/o
anus
38
cholangi/o
bile vessel
39
chol/e
bile, gall
40
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
41
choledoch/o
bile duct
42
-iasis
abnormal condition
43
-megaly
enlargement
44
-orexia
appetite
45
-pepsia
digestion
46
-phagia
swallowing
47
-prandial
meal
48
-rrhea
flow/discharge
49
dia-
through/across
50
peri-
around
51
sub-
below
52
what is a peptide ulcer?
circumscribed open sore on the skin or membrane of the body usually in the stomach and duodenum
53
inguinal hernia
hernia that forms in the abdominal folds where flesh meet the thighs
54
strangulated hernia
when blood supply to hernia is cut off because of pressure
55
umbilical hernia
a protrusion of the intestine at the navel
56
what is a congenital hernia?
hernia in newborn infants and young kids
57
diaphragmatic hernia
congenital disorder of a hernia in the diaphragm
58
hiatal hernia
where the lower part of the esophagus and top of stomach slide into an opening (hiatus) in the diaphragm into the thorax
59
anorexia
lack or loss of appetite
60
appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix, caused by obstruction or infection
61
ascites
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity caused by chronic liver disease, neoplasm, or an inflammatory disease
62
borborygmus
audible rumbling or gurgling noises caused by the passage of gas through liquid contents in the intestine
63
cachexia
physical wasting including weight and muscle loss caused by AIDS and cancer
64
cholelithiasis
presence of gallstones in the gallbladder
65
cirrhosis
scarring and dysfunction caused by chronic liver disease
66
Crohn's disease
a form of IBD affecting the ileum or other parts of intestine
67
dysentery
enteritis caused by bacteria from food or water
68
flatus
a fart
69
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus
70
halitosis
bad breath
71
hematemesis
vomiting blood
72
hemorrhoids
swollen varicose veins in the anorectal region
73
intestinal obstruction
blockage of the intestines caused by blockage of bowel movements
74
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
unknown abdominal pain and altered bowel function
75
malabsorption syndrome
impaired passage of nutrients, minerals, or fluids through intestinal villi
76
melena
dark, bloody feces caused by bleeding in the esophagus or stomach
77
obesity
excessive fat that exceeds the body's standards, an increase of 20% or more
78
morbid obesity
obesity of 110 lb or more above ideal body weight
79
obstipation
severe constipation
80
oral leukoplakia
formation of white spots or patches on the membrane of the tongue, lips, or cheek
81
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
82
pyloric stenosis
narrowing of the pyloric sphincter
83
regurgitation
solid or fluids returning to the mouth from the stomach
84
ulcerative colitis
inflmmatiory disease that begins in the sigmoid colon and extending upward
85
gastrointestinal endoscopy
visual examination of the stomach and intestine with an endoscope
86
hepatitis panel
blood test that evaluates specific hepatitis
87
liver function tests
blood tests that evaluate liver function
88
serum bilirubin
measurement of bilirubin
89
stool culture
test to fins organisms in feces
90
stool guaiac
test to find blood in feces
91
lower gastrointestinal series
radiographic images of the rectum after admin of barium into the rectum
