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Psychology 3/4 > Chapter 6 (Demand For Sleep) > Flashcards

Chapter 6 (Demand For Sleep) Flashcards

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1
Q

consciousness

A
  • our awareness of internal and external stimuli at any given moment
  • ranges from total to complete lack of awareness
  • is a psychological construct
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2
Q

psychological construct

A

understanding of psychological phenomena that cannot be directly measured or observed

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3
Q

normal waking consciousness (NWC)

A
  • associated with being awake
  • aware of objects and external world
  • remain aware of own personal identity
  • perceive world as real, maintain time & place
  • spend two thirds of each day in NWC
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4
Q

altered state of consciousness (ASC)

A
  • any state of consciousness that is significantly different from NWC
  • mental processing on internal & external stimuli
  • other ASC are induced (meditation or hypnosis)
  • may experience psychological changes to perception
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5
Q

NREM sleep

A
  • divided into 4 stages
  • approx 75-80% of our sleep time
  • in each stage of NREM physiological activity reduces
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6
Q

NREM sleep (stage 1)

A
  • occurs as we drift in and out of a true sleep state
  • physiological arousal begins to decrease
  • spend 5% time in this stage
  • very easily awakened during this time
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7
Q

NREM sleep (stage 2)

A
  • classified as light sleep
  • makes up majority of sleep cycle (45-50%)
  • body still continues to physiologically relax
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8
Q

NREM sleep (stage 3)

A
  • start at deepest period of sleep
  • brain shows mix of theta and delta waves
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9
Q

REM sleep

A
  • characterised by brief bursts of movement from our eyes
  • makes up 20% of total sleep time
  • brain waves are very similar pattern to when awake
  • first period REM lasts 5 mins, later periods last 20-25 mins
  • when most of our dreaming occurs
  • important for psychological health & memory
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10
Q

measurement of physiological responses

A
  • most objective and reliable
    weaknesses: can be invasive, limited ability to identify persons conscious experience, physiological responses may be caused by other
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11
Q

electroencephalograph (EEG)

A
  • detects and records electrical activity in the brain
  • tiny electrodes are placed on the skull
  • EEG recordings indicate changes in brain waves associated with changes to consciousness
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12
Q

electromyograph (EMG)

A
  • detects and records the electrical activity of muscles
  • electrodes are attached to the skin under the muscle
  • EMG show low to moderate activity during NREM and minimal during REM
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13
Q

electrooculargraph (EOG)

A
  • detects and records the electrical activity of muscle in the eye
  • electrodes are attached on the face around the eye
  • during NREW there a periods of no or very little rapid eye movement, REM there is many periods of rapid eye movement
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14
Q

self - report

A

sleep diary, data can be bias

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15
Q

video monitoring

A
  • monitors individuals while they sleep
    responses: changes in posture, tossing & turning, sleep walking
  • subjective: there might be different interpretations of the behaviour
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16
Q

beta brain waves

A
  • small and fast waves (high frequency and low amplitude)
  • high electrical level
  • associated with high mental alertness in NWC and REM sleep
17
Q

alpha brain waves

A
  • bigger and slower than beta (high frequency and low amplitude)
  • associated with being awake but relaxed
18
Q

theta brain waves

A
  • some big and small (medium frequency and mixed amplitude waves)
  • appears when we are very drowsy and early stages of sleep
19
Q

delta brain waves

A
  • very big and slow waves (low frequency and high amplitude)
  • associated with very low levels of mental activity (deep sleep)
20
Q

B . A . T . D

A

higher arousal ———> lower arousal

high fre low amp ——-> low fre high amp

21
Q

biological rhythms

A
  • events constantly in our environment and body
  • naturally occurring physiological responses
    e.g: body temp, blood sugar levels, hormone secretion
22
Q

circadian rhythms

A
  • changes in bodily functions that occur as a cycle of 24 hrs
  • sleep wake cycle is the most common rhythm
  • this rhythm involves our sleepiness & alertness
23
Q

ultradian rhythm

A
  • changes in bodily functions that occur as a cycle of less than 24 hrs
  • sleep cycle, start cycle through 90 min period during REM sleep
  • other hormones release
24
Q

suprachiasmatic nucleus & melatonin

A
  • light is the biggest influence on the sleep wake cycle, used to influence melatonin release
  • when light levels are high (SCN) of the hypothalamus suppresses and release melatonin from the pineal gland
  • when light levels begin to lower the SCN increases the release of melatonin from the pineal gland
  • increased levels of melatonin in the blood lead to greater feeling of sleepiness
25
Q

important changes in the sleep cycle

A
  • as we age time spent asleep decreases
  • the time spent in NREM/REM sleep changes from 50% NREM straight after birth to 80% in childhood
  • time spent in slow wave sleep decreases particularly in late adulthood
26
Q

newborns/infants

A
  • very little regular rhythm, both sleep cycle (45mins)
  • sleep episodes (3-4 hrs max) tend to be shorter than adult
  • sleep onset occurs through REM, sleep episodes consist of 2-3 cycles, time in REM sleep 50%
    -from 3-12 month olds sleep cycle become more regular, sleep total of 13-14 hrs
27
Q

children

A
  • 2-5 year olds tend to have a sleep episode of about 11-13 hrs
  • time spent in REM decreases and NREM increases
  • deep sleep children experience is deeper than adults
  • children in stage 3 NREM tend to be very difficult to wake
28
Q

adolescents

A
  • tend to need to sleep for about 9hrs
  • 80% NREM and 20% REM ratio
29
Q

adults/elderly

A
  • sleep cycle consists of 4-5 cycles, 7-8 hr duration
  • 80% NREM and 20% REM ratio
  • time spent in NREM stage 3 sleep gradually decreases
  • elderly sleep episodes consist of NREM stage 2, therefore are easily woken.

Psychology 3/4 (9 decks)

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