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Psychology 3/4 > Chapter 3 (Stress) > Flashcards

Chapter 3 (Stress) Flashcards

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1
Q

stress

A
  • psychological or physiological response produced by internal or external stressor
  • perceived by the individual as exceeding their ability to cope
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2
Q

stressor

A

is a stimulus that causes stress

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3
Q

internal stressor

A
  • originate from within the individual such as pain or experience (biological and psychological)
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4
Q

external stressor

A
  • originate from the outside the individual from situations (social)
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5
Q

eustress

A
  • a positive psychological response
  • excitement of your birthday
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6
Q

distress

A
  • a negative psychological response
  • upcoming exams
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7
Q

acute stress

A
  • immediate short term stress
  • produces large stress for short period of time
    POS AFFECT - release adrenaline (improve performance)
    NEG AFFECT - increase blood pressure, decrease motivation
    FIGHT - confront stressor
    FLIGHT - escape (run away)
    FREEZE - keep still and silent
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8
Q

role of cortisol in chronic stress

A
  • long term stress, maintained for extended time
  • endures for several months
    CORITSOL
  • the primary stress hormone
  • acts slowly but effects are long lasting
  • help energise the body
  • can suppress the activity of the immune system
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9
Q

GAS model

A

STAGE 1- alarm (immediate response)(adrenaline and noradrenaline), shock (first increased arousal) and countershock (becoming aware and the reaction)-fight/flight

STAGE 2 - resistance (resistance to stress higher than normal) (maximise resources to cope) (high amount cortisol released) (cold/flu - due to cortisol suppressing immune system)

STAGE 3 - exhaustion (vulnerable & weak)(due to the high cortisol release, eventually crash) (cant carry out day to day activities)

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10
Q

GAS model (resistance to stress)

A

Alarm (SHOCK) - below normal

Alarm (COUNTERSHOCK) - above normal

Resistance - above normal

Exhaustion - below normal

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11
Q

Primary appraisal

A

irrelevant - not stressful
benign/positive - not stressful an viewed as positive
stressful - stressful event, requires further appraisal

IF DEEMED STRESSFUL
harm/loss - assessment of how much damage has been done
threat - assessment of harm/loss that has not occurred but may in the future
challenge - assessment of the potential for personal gain or growth from situation

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11
Q

Secondary appraisal

A
  • may be internal or external resources
  • approach or avoidance
  • if no resources = stress
  • if resources are adequate = reduced/eliminated stess, reappraisal
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12
Q

lazarus and folkman model (transactional)

A
  • involves an encounter between and individual and external environment
  • individuals interpretation of the stressor and their ability to cope
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13
Q

the gastrointestinal tract

A
  • tube from mouth to anus (digestion)
  • processes food, absorbs nutrients
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14
Q

gut microbiota

A

all microorganisms that live in the gut
- such as bacteria, fungus, viruses
- diverse gut microbiota may help reduce stress

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15
Q

gut microbiome

A

all of the genes of the microorganisms that live in the gut

16
Q

gut brain axis

A
  • if the individual has a gut related disease it can can effect the brain and cause stress
  • if the individual has a brain related disease it can effect the gut and cause pain/sickness
  • information flows between the gut and brain continusouly/bidirectional
  • maintaining a healthy gut can help deal with stress and psychological process and behaviour
17
Q

enteric ns

A
  • subdivision of the autonomic ns
  • embedded in the walls of the tract
18
Q

vagus nerve

A

longest cranial nerve that connects the gut to the brain

19
Q

emerging research

A

means nothing is confirmed/offical but is being discovered

20
Q

coping

A

is a process that is involving cognitive and behavioural affects to manage a internal/external stressor

21
Q

context specific effectivesness

A
  • more or less effective
  • e.g method that involves planning/study for test (high context specific effectiveness)
  • method that involves avoiding thinking about test (low context specific effectiveness)
22
Q

coping flexibility

A
  • ability to effectively modify/adjust coping strategies
  • e.g high - are adaptive, readily adjust if strategy is ineffective, various coping methods
    -e.g low - are maladaptive, use same coping strategy, persists with coping strategy even if ineffective
23
Q

approach

A

approach - confront the stressor and deal directly with it and find a solution to the stress
- e.g study with tutor for upcoming exam

24
Q

avoidance

A

avoidance - efforts to evade the stressor and deal indirectly with it and no attempt to find a solution
- e.g play video games and evade studying

Psychology 3/4 (9 decks)

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