Chapter 6 Definitions Flashcards
Define automated system
A combination of software and hardware designed and programmed to work automatically without the need for any human intervention
Define DCS
Distributed control system - A powerful computer system programmed to monitor and control a complex process without the need for human interaction
Define adaptive cruise control
The use of sensors, actuators and microprocessors to ensure that a vehicle keeps a safe distance behind another vehicle
Define accelerometer
A sensor that measures acceleration and deceleration
Define robotics
The branch of (computer) science that encompasses the design, construction and operation of robots
Define robot
A mechanical device that can carry out tasks normally done by humans
Define autonomous
Able to operate independently without any human input
Define controller
A microprocessor that is in control of a process
Define WebCrawler/search bot
A software robot that roams the internet scanning websites and categorising them; often used by search engines
Define chatbot
A pop-up robot on a website that appears to enter into a meaningful conversation with a web user
Define end-effector
An attachment to a robot arm that allows it to carry out a specific task
Define LiDaR
A contraction of light detection and ranging; the use of lasers to build up a 3D image of the surroundings
Define drone
A flying robot that can be autonomous or operated using remote control; a drone can be used for reconnaissance or deliveries
Define phenotyping
The process of observing the physical characteristics of a plant to assess its health and growth
Define cognitive
Relating to the mental processes of the human brain involved in acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experiences and input from the five senses
Define AI
Artificial intelligence- a collection of rules and data which gives a computer system the ability to reason, learn and adapt to external stimuli
Define expert system
A form of AI that has been developed to mimic a human’s knowledge and expertise
Define explanation system
Part of an expert system which informs the user of the reasoning behind its conclusions and recommendations
Define inference engine
A kind of search engine used in an expert system which examines the knowledge base for information that matches the queries
Define inference rules
Rules used by the inference engine and in expert systems to draw conclusions using IF statements
Define knowledge base
A repository of facts which is a collection of objects and attributes
Define object
An item stored in the knowledge base
Define attribute
Something that defines the objects stored in a knowledge base
Define rules base
A collection of inference rules used to draw conclusions
Define machine learning
A sub-set of AI in which algorithms are trained and learn from past experiences and examples
Define web scraping
A method of obtaining data from websites
