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Grade 10 & 11 Computer Science > Chapter 4 Definitions > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

Define utility programs (utilities)

A

part of an operating system which carries out certain functions such as virus checking, defragmentation and screensaver

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2
Q

Define malware

A

programs that are installed on a user’s computer with the aim of deleting, corrupting or manipulating data illegally

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3
Q

Define anti-virus software

A

software that quarantines and deletes files or programs infected by a computer virus; the software can run in the background or be initiated by the user

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4
Q

Define heuristic checking

A

checking software for behaviour that could indicate a possible virus

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5
Q

Define quarantine

A

to isolate (in order to later delete) a file or program identified by anti-virus software as being infected by a virus

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6
Q

Define defragmentation

A

a process that reorganises sectors on an HDD by rearranging blocks of data so that they are contiguous

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7
Q

Define contiguous

A

next to each other

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8
Q

Define back-up

A

make copies of files onto another storage media in case the original file becomes corrupted or is deleted

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9
Q

Define screensaver

A

software that supplies a still or moving image on a monitor if a computer has been inactive for a period of time

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10
Q

Define device driver

A

software that communicates with the operating system and translates data into a format understood by the device

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11
Q

Define descriptor

A

a collection of information about a device plugged into a USB port

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12
Q

Define operating system

A

software that provides an environment in which applications can run and also provides an interface between computer and human operator

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13
Q

Define boot up/bootstrap loader

A

a small program that is used to load other programs to correctly ‘start-up’ a computer system

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14
Q

Define EEPROM

A

stands for electronically erasable programmable ROM

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15
Q

Define human computer interface (HCI)

A

an interface supplied by the operating system to ‘hide’ the complexities of the software and hardware from the human user

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16
Q

Define command line interface (CLI)

A

an interface which allows communication with the computer by typing in commands using a keyboard

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17
Q

Define graphical user interface (GUI)

A

an interface that uses icons to represent apps and tasks which the user can select/launch by clicking on a mouse or using a touch
screen

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18
Q

Define windows icons menu and pointing device (WIMP)

A

an interface that uses a pointing device such as a mouse to
select options from screen icons or a menu

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19
Q

Define post-WIMP

A

a modern touch screen interface system that allows actions such as pinching and rotating

20
Q

Define memory management

A

the part of an operating system that controls main memory

21
Q

Define security management

A

the part of an operating system that ensures the integrity, confidentiality and availability of data

22
Q

Define hardware management

A

the part of an operating system that controls all input and output devices; it is made up of sub-systems such as printer management

23
Q

Define buffer

A

a memory area used to store data temporarily

24
Q

Define file management

A

part of an operating system that manages files in a computer (for example, the ability to create, delete, copy, open, close and rename files)

25
Q

Define interrupt

A

a signal sent from a device or software to a microprocessor requesting its attention; the microprocessor suspends all operations until the interrupt has been serviced

26
Q

Define multitasking

A

a function that allows a computer to process more than one task/process at a time

27
Q

Define administrator

A

a person responsible for the upkeep and maintenance of a computer system that involves multi-user function

28
Q

Define user account

A

an agreement that allows an individual to use a computer; the user needs a user name and password to enter the user’s area

29
Q

Define error handling routine

A

a routine in a program or operating system that recognises and recovers a system from abnormal inputs or hardware faults (for example, recovery from an attempt to divide by zero)

30
Q

Define firmware

A

a program that provides low level control for devices

31
Q

Define interrupt priority

A

the priority assigned to an interrupt are given a priority so that the microprocessor knows which one needs to be serviced first and which interrupts are to be dealt with quickly

32
Q

Define service (an interrupt)

A

when an interrupt is received, some action needs to be taken by the processor depending on what caused the interrupt; until this is resolved (that is, it is serviced), the interrupt cannot be removed to allow the processor to continue

33
Q

Define interrupt service routine (ISR)

A

software that handles interrupt requests (for example, when the printer out of paper) and sends a request to the CPU for processing

34
Q

Define machine code

A

a binary programming language, a program written in machine code can be loaded and executed without translation

35
Q

Define high-level language (HLL)

A

a programming language that is independent of computer hardware, a program written in a HLL needs to be translated into machine code before it is executed.

36
Q

Define low-level language (LLL)

A

a programming language that is dependent on computer hardware, both machine code and assembly language are LLLs

37
Q

Define assembly language

A

a programming language that is dependent on computer hardware, a program written in an assembly language program needs to be translated into machine code before it is executed

38
Q

Define assembler

A

a computer program that translates programming code written in assembly language into machine code

39
Q

Define compiler

A

a computer program that translates a source program written in a high-level language to machine code

40
Q

Define translator

A

converts a program written in a high-level language program into machine code

41
Q

Define interpreter

A

a computer program that analyses and executes a program written in a high-level language line by line

42
Q

Define integrated development environment (IDE)

A

a suite of programs used to write and test a computer program written in a high-level language

43
Q

Define debugging

A

finding errors in a computer program by running or tracing the program

44
Q

Define prettyprinting

A

displaying source code using different colours and formatting, which make the code easier to read and understand

45
Q

Define report window

A

a separate window in the runtime environment of an IDE that shows the contents of variables during the execution of a program

Grade 10 & 11 Computer Science (45 decks)

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