Chapter 6 Chemical Reactions Flashcards
Reactant
A substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reaction
Product
A substance that forms in a chemical reaction
Chemical Energy
The energy released when a chemical compound reacts to produce new compounds
Exothermic Reaction
A chemical reaction where heat is released to surroundings
Isooctane-oxygen is an example
Endothermic Reaction
A chemical reaction that requires heat
Hydrated Barium Hydroxide and Ammonium Nitrate
Synthesis Reaction
A reaction in which 2 or more substances combine to form a new compound
Decomposition Reaction
A reaction where a single compound breaks down to form 2 or more simpler substances
Electrolysis
The process where an electric current is used to make a chemical reaction, like the decomposition of water
Combustion Reaction
The oxidation reaction of an organic compound, in which heat is released
Single-Displacement Reaction
A reaction where on element or radical takes the place of another element or radical in a compound
Double-Displacement Reaction
A reaction where a gas, a solid precipitate, or a molecular compound forms from the apparent exchange of atoms or ions between 2 compounds
Oxidation-Reduction Reaction
Any chemical change where one species is oxidized (loses electrons) and another species is reduced (gains electrons); called redox reaction
Radical
An organic group that has one or more electrons available for bonding
Reduced
To gain electrons
Oxidized
To lose electrons
Chemical Equation
A representation of a chemical reaction that uses symbols to show the relationship between the reactants and the products
Mole Ratio
The relative number of moles of the substances required to produce a given amount of product in a chemical reaction
Coefficient
A multiplier or factor that measures some property
Law of Conservation of Mass
Mass in an isolated system is neither created nor destroyed by chemical reactions or physical transformations
Law of Definite Proportions
Given chemical compound always contains its component elements in fixed ratio (by mass) and does not depend on its source and method of preparation
Catalyst
A substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed or changed significantly
Enzyme
A type of protein that speeds up the metabolic reactions in plants and animals without being permanently changed or destroyed
Substrate
A part, substance, or element that lies beneath and supports another part, substance or element; the reactant in reactions catalyze by enzymes
Chemical Equilibrium
A state of balance where the rate of the reverse reaction and the concentrations of products ms reactants remain unchanged
