Chapter 3 States Of Matter Flashcards
Solid
Substances that are in a fixed position
Liquid
Substance where the particular are close together but can slide past each other
Gas
Particles are constantly moving and rarely stick together
Plasma
A state of matter that starts as a gas and then becomes ionized
Energy
The capacity to do work
Thermal Energy
The kinetic energy of a substance’s atoms
Evaporation
The change of a substance from a liquid to a gas
Sublimation
The process where a solid changes directly into a gas (reverse process)
Condensation
Where a substance changes from a gas to a liquid
Crystalline Solid
Particles have an orderly arrangement
Amorphous Solid
Particles do not have an orderly arrangement
Surface Tension
A property of a liquids where the force acting on particles at the surface of a liquid can cause it to form drops
Kinetic Energy
Energy of motion
Heat
Causes the temperature of a substance to change, which can lead to a change of state
Endothermic Change
Changes, like melting, that require energy
Exothermic Change
Energy is released from the substance as it changes state
Fluid
A nonsolid state of matter where the atoms or molecules are free to move past each other, like in a gas or liquid
Buoyant Force
The upward force exerted on an object immersed in of floating on a liquid
Pressure
The amount of force exerted per unit area of surface
Archimedes’ Principle
Principle that states that the buoyant force on an object in fluid is an upward force equal to the weight of the volume of fluid that the object displaces
Pascal
SI Unit of pressure; equal to the force of 1 N exerted over an area of 1 m^2
(abbreviation, Pa)
Pascal’s Principle
Principle that states that a fluid in equilibrium contained in a vessel exerts a pressure of equal intensity in all directions
Viscosity
The resistance of a gas or liquid to flow
Boyle’s Law
Law that states that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume of the gas increases as the pressure decreases
As the volume decreases, the pressure increases
Charle’s Law
Law that states that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume increases as the temperature increases
As the volume decreases, the temperature decreases
Gay-Lussac’s Law
Law that states that the pressure of a gas at a constant volume is directly the same to the absolute temperature
