Chapter 6--cells Flashcards
Basic features of all cells
A. Plasmamembrane
B. Cytoskeleton
C. Chromosomes
D. Ribosomes
Cell fractionation
Takes cells apart and separates the major organelles from one another
Characteristics of a prokaryote
A. No nucleus
B. DNA in a nucleoid
C. No membrane-bound organelles
D. Cytoplasm
Characteristics of eukaryotes
A. DNA in a nucleus bond by a membranous nuclear envelope
B. Membrane bound organelles
C. Cytoplasm between nucleus and plasma membrane
D. Generally much larger than prokaryotic cells
Characteristics of a nucleus
A. Holds the genetic material
B. Enclosed in a nuclear envelope
C. Nuclear lamina
Nuclear lamina
Keeps the structure of the nucleus
Endomembrane system
A. Nuclear envelope B. Endoplasmic reticulum C. Golgi apparatus D. Lysosomes(vesicles) E. Plasma membrane
Vesicles
Transport pods in the cell
Phagocytosis
Cells engulfing other cells
Autophagy
Breaking down a different organelle
Food vacoules
Formed from phagocytosis
Contractile vacuoles
Pump water in and out of the cell
Central vacuoles
Hold nutrients and water
Peroxisomes
Metabolic compartments bounded by a single membrane which produce hydrogen peroxide and convert it to water
Mitochondria
Site of cellular respiration with two membranes and DNA
Cellular respiration
Metabolic process that uses oxygen and creates ATP (adenisine triphosphate)
Chloroplasts
A type of plasmid in plant cells that produces energy and included ribosomes, DNA, and has 2 membranes
Granum
Stacks of thylakoids in the chloroplast
Stroma
The fluid in the chloroplast
Cytoskeleton components
A. Microtubules
B. Microfilaments
C. Intermediate filaments
D. Centrosomes and centrioles
Microtubules
Responsible for mobility
Motor protein
Travels on the microtubules. It uses ATP. This is how vesicles get around the cell
Microfilaments
Responsible for the cell shape and structure
Intermediate filaments
Responsible for organelle placement and anchoring
