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Biology > chapter 16--replication > Flashcards

chapter 16--replication Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

anitparallel

A

DNA strands running in opposite directions

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1
Q

purine and pyrimidine

A

nitrogenous bases that pair together in DNA and RNA

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2
Q

purines

A

adenine and guanine

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3
Q

pyrimidines

A

thymine, uracil, and cytosine

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4
Q

hydrogen bonds

A

bonds that keep two strands of DNA together; must be broken for DNA

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5
Q

deoxyribose and ribose

A

the sugars that make up the backbones of DNA and RNA respectively

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6
Q

histones

A

proteins that DNA winds winds around; they have a slight positive charge

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7
Q

helicase

A

enzyme that untwists the DNA helix at the replication fork

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8
Q

origin of replication

A

the site where DNA replication begins

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9
Q

replication fork

A

y-shaped end of the replication bubble

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10
Q

single stranded binding proteins

A

proteins that bind to and stabilize the single stranded DNA

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11
Q

topoismerase

A

enzyme that unwinds the DNA helix ahead of the replication fork

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12
Q

DNA polymerase I

A

enzyme responsible for replacing RNA primers with DNA

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13
Q

DNA polymerase III

A

enzyme responsible for elongating the new DNA strand

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14
Q

leading strand

A

the strand of DNA that is synthesized continuously

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15
Q

lagging strand

A

the strand of DNA that is synthesized in short fragments

16
Q

okazaki fragments

A

short segments that are comprised of RNA primers and DNA

17
Q

DNA ligase

A

enzyme that covalently bonds two DNA fragments together

18
Q

nucleotide excision repair

A

a process in which an incorrect section of DNA is removed and replaced

19
Q

telomerase

A

enzyme that lengthens telomeres in germ cells

20
Q

Frederick Griffith

A

discovered that DNA is the genetic material. transformation in bacteria (the uptake of foreign DNA)

21
Q

Avery et. al

A

genetic material is the coding mechanism, phages, viruses (radioactive material)

22
Q

Hershey and Chase

A

concluded DNA is the genetic material, phages

23
Q

Chargaff

A

the base composition varies between species

in any species the number of A and T bases are equal to the number of G and C bases are equal

24
Q

Wilkins and Franklin

A

X-ray crystolography, phages

25
Q

Watson and Crick

A

structure of DNA

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