chapter 16--replication Flashcards
anitparallel
DNA strands running in opposite directions
purine and pyrimidine
nitrogenous bases that pair together in DNA and RNA
purines
adenine and guanine
pyrimidines
thymine, uracil, and cytosine
hydrogen bonds
bonds that keep two strands of DNA together; must be broken for DNA
deoxyribose and ribose
the sugars that make up the backbones of DNA and RNA respectively
histones
proteins that DNA winds winds around; they have a slight positive charge
helicase
enzyme that untwists the DNA helix at the replication fork
origin of replication
the site where DNA replication begins
replication fork
y-shaped end of the replication bubble
single stranded binding proteins
proteins that bind to and stabilize the single stranded DNA
topoismerase
enzyme that unwinds the DNA helix ahead of the replication fork
DNA polymerase I
enzyme responsible for replacing RNA primers with DNA
DNA polymerase III
enzyme responsible for elongating the new DNA strand
leading strand
the strand of DNA that is synthesized continuously
lagging strand
the strand of DNA that is synthesized in short fragments
okazaki fragments
short segments that are comprised of RNA primers and DNA
DNA ligase
enzyme that covalently bonds two DNA fragments together
nucleotide excision repair
a process in which an incorrect section of DNA is removed and replaced
telomerase
enzyme that lengthens telomeres in germ cells
Frederick Griffith
discovered that DNA is the genetic material. transformation in bacteria (the uptake of foreign DNA)
Avery et. al
genetic material is the coding mechanism, phages, viruses (radioactive material)
Hershey and Chase
concluded DNA is the genetic material, phages
Chargaff
the base composition varies between species
in any species the number of A and T bases are equal to the number of G and C bases are equal
Wilkins and Franklin
X-ray crystolography, phages
Watson and Crick
structure of DNA
