Chapter 2--bonds

Question 0

difference between polar and non-polar covalent bonds

Answer 0

Polar: one atom is more electronegative, the atoms are not shared equally
Non-polar: the atoms are shared equally

Question 1

covalent bond

Answer 1

The sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms

Question 2

electronegativity

Answer 2

The more electronegative the atom, the more strongly it pulls shared electrons toward itself

Question 3

ionic bonds

Answer 3

When an element steals an electron from another element

Question 4

cation

Answer 4

A positively charged ion

Question 5

anion

Answer 5

A negatively charged ion

Question 6

hydrogen bond

Answer 6

It forms when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one electronegative atom is also attracted to another electronegative atom.
At least one of the molecules must be electronegative

Question 7

Van der waals interaction

Answer 7

If electrons are distributed asymmetrically in molecules or atoms, they can result in “hot spots” of positive or negative charge.
This is the attraction between molecules that are close together as a result of these changes.

Question 8

Valence electrons

Answer 8

Electrons on the outer shell of an atom

Determine the molecule shape and what it bonds with

Question 9

Chemical equilibrium

Answer 9

Reached when the forward and reverse reaction rates are equalized

Question 10

Bond strengths in order

Answer 10

1. covalent
2. ionic
3. hydrogen/van der waals