chapter 17--transcription

Question 0

aminoacyl-tRNA synthase

Answer 0

enzyme that joins an amino acid to the correct tRNA

Question 1

ribozyme

Answer 1

RNA molecule that functions as an enzyme

Question 2

signal recognition particle

Answer 2

adaptor that brings the ribosome and growing polypeptide to a receptor protein built into the ER membrane

Question 3

RNA polymerase

Answer 3

enzyme that pries the two strands of DNA apart and catalyzes the addition of RNA nucleotides to a strand

Question 4

mRNA

Answer 4

messenger RNA, carries genetic instructions from the nucleus to the cytosol

Question 5

rRNA

Answer 5

services as a workbench for translation of mRNA and has catalytic roles

Question 6

tRNA

Answer 6

carries amino acid to a strand of mRNA

Question 7

introns

Answer 7

segments of eukaryotic genes that code for functional products

Question 8

exons

Answer 8

noncoding segments of mRNA

Question 9

post-transcriptional modification

Answer 9

occurs in eukaryotes, but not prokaryotes. modification that happens after transcription

Question 10

transcription factors

Answer 10

starts the transcription process in the nucleus

Question 11

GTP

Answer 11

energizes the formation of the initiation complex, using initiation factors

Question 12

frameshift mutation

Answer 12

could result from either an insertion or a deletion of a base

Question 13

amino acid in transcription

Answer 13

binds covalently to the 3’ end of tRNA

Question 14

silent mutation

Answer 14

has no effect on the encoded protein because of the redundancy of the genetic code

Question 15

nonsense mutation

Answer 15

changes an amino acid codon into a stop codon, thus terminating translation

Question 16

missense mutation

Answer 16

changes the codon so a wrong amino acid is put in

Question 17

heterochromatin

Answer 17

condensed DNA that is not transcribed

Question 18

euchromatin

Answer 18

DNA that is transcribed