Chapter 6: Breastfeeding Flashcards
What is the WHO’s recommendation for breast feeding?
Women should breastfeed exclusively for six months, to achieve optimal growth and be breastfed for up to 2 years with other foods
When does lactation (milk production) begin?
About three days after childbirth
What is colostrum and when is it secreted from the nipples?
Colostrum is a liquid that contains antibodies that protect the infant from disease and provides high levels of protein. It is secreted just before lactation
How many infant lives would be saved if women breastfed their children?
800 000
What is a systematic review?
Collection of a bunch of empirical evidence that is arranged in order to answer a specific research question
What is a meta-analysis?
Statistical analysis of many quantitative studies
What are short term benefits to the infant when it is breastfed?
Prevents ear infection, improves gastrointestinal health, prevents respiratory infections, prevents sudden death syndrome
What are long term benefits to the infant with it is breastfed?
Decreases change of obesity, type two diabetes, cardiovascular disease
What benefits does the mother get from breastfeeding?
Uterus and body returns back to normal quicker, contributes to weight loss, decreases the change of getting ovarian or breast cancer
What complications can arise from breastfeeding?
Nipple infections, tender nipples, if on prescribed drug it can get into the mother’s milk
When is a baby considered preterm?
When it is born before 37 weeks (normal is 40 weeks)
How does breastfeeding benefit preterm infants?
Decreases meningitis and other diseases, alleviates pain, promotes maturation of the gastrointestinal system, improves neurodevelopment
What ingredients are in breast milk that benefit the infant?
Enzymes, hormones, anti-bodies, stem cells, growth substances, anti-allergy/virus/parasites
A woman posted to Facebook two pictures of her breast milk with a large change in color, what happened to her breast milk?
Her infant was sick and her body realized it and changed the composition of her breast milk to cure the needs of the infant.
What is initiation in breastfeeding?
Any attempt to breastfeed
What is duration in breastfeeding?
The length of time the infant is breastfed
What is exclusivity in breastfeeding?
The length of time the infant is exclusively breastfed
Why do women choose not to breastfeed?
Challenging, risk factors, doesn’t intend to breastfeed, low income, smokers, cesarean births, preterm infant
The percentage of women trying to breastfeed is on the rise. True or false?
True
What percentage of women tried breastfeeding in Ontario? In Canada?
88.5% in Ontario, 87.3% in Canada
What percentage of women breastfed exclusively for 6 months or more in Ontario? In Canada?
26.1% in Ontario, 25.9% in Canada
Mothers in the prairie region of Canada tend to breastfeed more than mothers in the Atlantic. True or False?
True
What barriers are present when it comes to breastfeeding preterm infants?
Lack of privacy, stressful, fatigue, breast pump difficulties, conflicting advice
What work was Natalie Scime doing surrounding breastfeeding?
She was trying to promote breastfeeding in the NICU in hospitals
What are the 6 categories that promote breastfeeding in the NICU?
Breastfeeding friendly layout Personal support Education Pump-related support Policies Coordination of support after the mother and baby leave the hospital
What human rights in Ontario have been put in place surrounding breastfeeding?
Mothers have the right to breastfeed in public areas
Mothers cannot be disturbed, asked to cover up, ased to move
What pitch did Nestle sell to people in India about formula?
Nestle went to small communities pretending to be health professionals and sold the pitch that formula is better than breast milk
Why was it dangerous for people of India to switch to formula?
Unclean water sources, little money which resulted in dilution, many infants of different ages getting the same formula
Why is it hazardous to hand out formula after emergencies or disasters?
Clean water is scarce, dangerous to use formula
What the the baby friendly initiative?
A global campaign to promote/protect breastfeeding, it is evidence based, outcome oriented and benefits all babies
What was the stance on breastfeeding in the 1920’s?
Other feeding allowed women to work, therefore breastfeeding rates decreased
What happened to the rates of breastfeeding in the 1970’s?
There was an increase in breastfeeding
What meeting was arranged in 1979?
WHO and UNICEF called an international meeting on infant feeding
What guidelines were put out in 1981 surrounding the formula market? (WHO code)
No advertising in public, no free samples, no promotion in health facilities, no company sale reps, no idealizing artificial feeding, info must be factual, must put the hazards of formula and benefits of breastfeeding on formula labels, must be properly storaged
Because the “WHO code” isn’t legislated their have been many violations including gold standard labeling. True or False?
True
What are the 10 steps to successful breastfeeding?
- Policies of info passed onto mothers
- Ensure policies are acted upon
- Inform about the importance of breastfeeding
- Promote skin to skin contact after birth
- Assist mothers who face challenges
- Support mothers who exclusively breastfeed
- Mothers and infants must be kept together
- Encourage exclusive breastfeeding/ breastfeeding and foods together
- Be careful when pacifiers are used, may discourage breastfeeding
- More services after the hospital
What role does the partner play in breastfeeding?
Support the mother, care for the infant, do housework, feed the infant, prepare pump equipment
