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Rick's EASA PPL - Air Law > Chapter 6 - Air Traffic Services > Flashcards

Chapter 6 - Air Traffic Services Flashcards

Air Traffic Services

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1
Q

What are the principle objectives of the air traffic services?

A
  • Prevent collisions in the air
  • Prevent collisions between aircraft on the manoeuvring area and obstructions on that area
  • Expedite and maintain an orderly flow of traffic
  • Provide advice and information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flight
  • Notify Search and Rescue where required
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2
Q

What dictates the need for ATS?

A
  • Types of traffic
  • Density of traffic
  • Meteorological conditions
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3
Q

Which classification of airspace is reserved for only IFR flights?

A

Class A

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4
Q

What services are provided by Area Control Services?

A
  • ATC for IFR flights
  • FIS and Alerting Service
  • Distress and Diversion Service
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5
Q

What is ATC at an aerodrome responsible for?

A

The control of all aircraft in the vicinity of the aerodrome and on the manoeuvring area

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6
Q

How is aerodrome ATC usually split?

A

Between Aerodrome Control and Approach Control

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7
Q

How may Aerodrome Control further be split?

A

Into ‘Tower’ and ‘Ground’

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8
Q

What are the respective responsibilities of Ground and Tower?

A

Ground is responsible for aircraft on the movement area (except active runway)
Tower is responsible for aircraft on the runway as well as those in, or joining the circuit

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9
Q

For what may Approach Control be responsible?

A

Traffic departing the circuit
Traffic joining IFR or VFR
Traffic operating in the vicinity of the aerodrome

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10
Q

Approach Control may be provided…radar

A

With or without

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11
Q

Control Zones are usually staffed by controllers…radar

A

With access to

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12
Q

What is usually provided within controlled airspace?

A

A Radar Control Service

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13
Q

When (other than for emergency purposes) may a pilot deviate from an instruction issued within controlled airspace?

A

When an alternative has been requested by the pilot and granted by the controller

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14
Q

How may non-radio aircraft be given instructions by the tower?

A

Lamp or pyrotechnics

Signals in the signal square

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15
Q

In what situation is a FIS provided?

A

At some aerodromes which do not have ATC

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16
Q

A FIS is…to give instructions to aircraft in the air because it is an…

A

NOT permitted

Information Service

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17
Q

How may a FIS be identified?

A

Its callsign may be appended by the suffix ‘Information’

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18
Q

When an instruction is given to an aircraft on the ground by an AFIS, a pilot…comply

A

Should

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19
Q

A UK aerodrome which provides neither ATC nor a FIS, may provide…

A

An Air/Ground Communications Service (ACGS)

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20
Q

How may an AGCS be identified?

A

Its callsign may be appended by the suffix ‘Radio’

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21
Q

On which frequency may aircraft communicate if an airfield does not have an allocated frequency? What is this called?

A

135.475

Safetycom

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22
Q

What are the minima for using Safetycom?

A

Must be below 2,000 ft aal or below 1,000 ft above promulgated circuit height
Must be within 10nm of the aerodrome

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23
Q

What is LARS and what are the recommended circumstances surrounding its use?

A

Lower Airspace Radar Service

Unregulated airspace up to FL100

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24
Q

What may be provided by LARS and within what radius?

A

The Traffic Service or the Deconfliction Service

Within approximately 30nm

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25
Q

When should it be assumed that the station is not operating?

A

After three unsuccessful contact attempts have been made

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26
Q

What is provided by a Flight Information Service?

A

Weather
Serviceability of Radio Navaids
Aerodrome conditions
Other reported traffic

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27
Q

How else may a FIS be known?

A

A Basic Service

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28
Q

What is a procedural service?

A

A normal radar ATC service mainly used to separate IFR traffic by time and/or distance using an approach control service

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29
Q

In Class G airspace, …is responsible for collision avoidance and…

A

The pilot

Terrain clearance

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30
Q

What are the services available outside controlled airspace?

A

Basic Service
Traffic Service
Deconfliction Service
Procedural Service

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31
Q

What is provided with all services outside of controlled airspace?

A

An alerting service

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32
Q

What should be requested from a FISO?

A

Basic service only

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33
Q

Why may traffic or deconfliction service be reduced by a FISO?

A

High workload
Areas of high traffic density
When traffic is not displayed to a controller
When aircraft are operating close the limits of radar cover

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34
Q

Outside of controlled airspace, any instructions…

A

Are not mandatory

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35
Q

While not mandatory, the relationship between a FISO unit and a pilot is considered to be…

A

An agreement

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36
Q

What is the intention of an agreement between a FISO and a pilot?

A

To facilitate the safe use of the airspace by allowing forward coordination between ATCUs on the pilot’s course of action

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37
Q

In entering agreements, pilots must ensure that…

A

They are able to comply with their responsibilities in relation to the Rules of the Air and terrain clearance

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38
Q

When (other than for reasons of safety) may a pilot deviate from an agreement with an ATCU?

A

Only once having advised the controller and obtained a response

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39
Q

If a pilot does not specify the required type of service, the controller will normally ask, except in the following circumstances…

A

FISOs only provide a Basic Service
ATC units without radar will provide a Procedural Service to aircraft on IFR departures, holding or approach procedures as a matter of routine
IFR traffic that have planned to operate on ADR will be provided with a Deconfliction Service

40
Q

Describe what the Basic Service provides

A

It gives advice and information useful to the safe and efficient conduct of flight

41
Q

To which types of flight may Basic Service be available?

A

IFR and VFR

42
Q

…should not be expected during a Basic Service, however…

A

Traffic Information

General information may be passed to help with a pilot’s situational awareness

43
Q

Who is responsible for collision avoidance?

A

The pilot

44
Q

What is a Traffic Service?

A

Basic Service + radar derived traffic information

45
Q

To whom is a Traffic Service available?

A

IFR and VFR flights

46
Q

Who can provide a traffic service?

A

Only those controllers with access to a radar

47
Q

Who is responsible for traffic avoidance during a traffic service?

A

The pilot

48
Q

Who is responsible for terrain clearance during Traffic Service?

A

The pilot

49
Q

How is position controlled during Traffic Service?

A

Location/altitude can be pilot controlled OR provided by the controller for reasons other than traffic avoidance

50
Q

What is a Deconfliction Service?

A

A surveillance based ATS service in addition to the Basic Service in which deconfliction headings/levels may be given against all traffic in Class F and G airspace in addition to the offerings of the Traffic Service

51
Q

What are the deconfliction minima during a Deconfliction Service?

A

Unknown/uncoordinated traffic: 5nm and/or 3,000ft

Under same controller: 3nm and/or 1,000ft

52
Q

Why may the quality of a Deconfliction Service reduce?

A

Due to controller workload or frequency congestion

53
Q

On what flights may a Deconfliction Service be provided?

A

IFR only

54
Q

How is traffic dealt with on a Deconfliction Service?

A

Information will be passed as well as headings/levels to achieve deconfliction minima

55
Q

Terrain avoidance on a Deconfliction Service, though only…

A

At or above the ATCU’s terrain safe level

56
Q

What will a Deconfliction Service provide during departure?

A

Avoiding action and a terrain warning

57
Q

What will a Deconfliction Service provide during a pilot-interpreted approach?

A

Avoiding action and a terrain safe level to climb to or maintain

58
Q

…is ultimately the pilot’s responsibility during a Deconfliction Service

A

Traffic avoidance

59
Q

On what type of service is an ATCU obliged to identify aircraft and inform the aircraft that they’re identified?

A

Deconfliction Service

60
Q

What is a Procedural Service?

A

In addition to a Basic Service, the controller provides vertical, lateral, longitudinal and time instructions to achieve deconfliction minima against others participating in the Procedural Service

61
Q

Why is there still a high likelihood of encountering conflicting traffic without warning during a Procedural Service?

A

It is not a radar derived service

Other traffic is not required to be under a Procedural Service in Class F and G

62
Q

Where is Procedural Service most commonly found?

A

At ATC units without radar equipment but at airfields with approach/holding/departure procedures

63
Q

To whom is Procedural Service available?

A

IFR flights only

64
Q

Who is responsible for terrain clearance during Procedural Service?

A

The pilot

65
Q

What are the identification requirements for a Procedural Service?

A

It is not required

66
Q

What pre-flight briefing services are available to VFR flight at aerodromes with self-briefing facilities?

A

British Isles En Route and Aerodrome Bulletins
Navigation Warning Bulletins
NOTAMs

67
Q

What is a flight plan?

A

An ATC message compiled by or on behalf of the aircraft commander to a set ICAO format then transmitted by the appropriate ATS authority to organisations concerned with the flight

68
Q

What else is the CAA Flight Plan Form called?

A

Form CA48

69
Q

What could the consequence be of incorrectly completing for CA48?

A

It may result in delays of processing and ultimately the flights

70
Q

What is ‘booking out’?

A

The process of informing the ATS unit of a flight at an aerodrome before departure

71
Q

When an aerodrome is PPR,…does not constitute prior permission

A

Filing a flight plan

72
Q

When may private pilots file a flight plan?

A

For any flight

73
Q

When are private pilots ADVISED to file a flight plan?

A

If intending to fly more than 10nm from the coast or over sparsely populated or mountainous areas

74
Q

List the circumstances under which a pilot MUST file a flight plan

A

For flights in controlled airspace, which are conducted in accordance with IFR
For flights within Class C and D airspace conducted in accordance with VFR
Wishing to receive an Air Traffic Advisory Service (Class F)
For flights crossing a UK international FIR boundary
For flights where the destination is more than 40 km from the aerodrome of departure and the aircraft’s maximum weight authorised exceeds 5700 kg

75
Q

Which, if any, IFR flight does not require filing a flight plan?

A

Those in Open FIR

76
Q

At what minimum time limit should one file a flight plan prior to flight?

A

30 mins before taxi or startup clearance

60 when the controlling authority is London, Manchester or Scottish Control

77
Q

A flight plan can be filed…

A

When airborne

78
Q

If intending to enter controlled airspace, how much notice must be given when in flight?

A

10 minutes

79
Q

If the departure aerodrome does not have an ATSU, how may flight plans be filed?

A

By telephone or facsimile to designated air traffic units

A responsible person should then inform the parent ATSU once the flight is airborne

80
Q

How ought a flight plan be completed at an aerodrome with no ATSU?

A

By appointing a responsible person at an arrival airfield

81
Q

At what point should a flight plan be cancelled in exchange for a new one?

A

60 minutes chocks-off delay (30 minutes if part of the flight enters controlled airspace)

82
Q

What is a DLA message?

A

A way of informing ATC of a delay of up to 30 minutes

83
Q

What must be done if a pilot lands at an aerodrome other than that listed in the flight plan?

A

The ATSU at the specified destination must be advised within 30 minutes of the ETA

84
Q

What is the primary method in the UK for obtaining a pre-flight meteorological briefing?

A

Self-briefing

85
Q

What are the three main methods for obtaining information for meteorological self-briefing?

A

Aerodrome facilities
Dial-up METFAX fax service
Met Office website

86
Q

What should happen if you experience severe weather conditions?

A

You should inform the appropriate ATC unit ASAP

87
Q

If an area is not covered for MET conditions by the standard UK services, where should one look for information?

A

Designated forecast offices as listed in GEN 3-5

88
Q

What notice should be given when obtaining a briefing for met conditions in unfamiliar areas?

A

4 hours for flights over 500nm

2 hours for flights under 500nm

89
Q

Where might one find VOLMET broadcasts for certain aerodromes?

A

On specific VHF frequencies

90
Q

What does ATIS stand for?

A

Automated Terminal Information Service

91
Q

In aviation, what is generally meant by ‘facilitation’?

A

The simplification of formalities in moving aircraft across international boundaries

92
Q

What are the broad rules surrounding facilitation for private aircraft in non-EU countries?

A

Unless special permissions have been obtained, the pilot may not land anywhere other than a customs airport

93
Q

Any person who has arrived or is seeking to leave Great Britain by aircraft from a non-designated airfield must…

A

Give a minimum of 12 hours notice (24 hours in some cases) to the relevant police department

94
Q

What is the Common Travel Area?

A

Channels Islands, Republic of Ireland, Isle of Man, Northern Ireland

95
Q

Flights within the Common Travel Area will normally require…notice of arrival and departure if the arrival or departure is…
Who has to give permission for this?

A

24 hours
From a non-designated airfield
Special Branch

96
Q

The Channel Islands are regarded as…for…

A

Places outside of the EU

The purposes of arrival and departure procedures

97
Q

Which flights are exempted from en route navigation service levies?

A

Those made entirely under VFR
Starting and finishing at the same aerodrome
Those made by aircraft with a maximum total authorised weight of less than 2,000 kg

Rick's EASA PPL - Air Law (7 decks)

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