Chapter 6 - Adaptations to Aerobic Endurance Training Programs Flashcards
Cardiac Output (acute)
initially increases rapidly, then more gradually, and subsequently reaches a plateau
with a maximal exercise, increase to times of resting levels
Cardiac Output definition
The amount of blood pumped by the heart in liters per minute
Q =
SV x HR
Stroke Volume definition
The quantity of blood ejected with each beat
Stroke Volume (acute response)
End-diastolic volume is significantly increased
At onset of exercise, sympathetic stimulation increases stroke volume
Heart rate (acute
Increases linearly with increases in intensity
Oxygen Uptake (acute)
increases during an acute bout of aerobic exercises and is directly related to the mass of exercising muscle, metabolic efficiency, and exercise intensity
Maximal Oxygen Uptake (definition)
The greatest amout of oxygen that can be used at the cellular level for the entire body
Resting oxygen uptake (MET)
3.5 ml of oxyge/kg of body (MET)
Systolic Blood Pressure
Estimates the pressure exerted against the arterial walls as blood is forcefully ejected during ventricular contraction
Diastolic blood pressure
Used to estimate the pressure exerted against the arterial walls when no blood is being forcefully ejected through the vessels
ACUTE aerobic exercise
increases in:
- cardiac output
- stroke volume
- heart rate
- oxygen uptake
- systolic blood pessure
- blood flow to active muscles
DECREASE
- diastolic blood pressure
Respiratory Responses
Greater amounts of oxygen diffuse from the capillaries into the tissues
increased levels of carbon dioxide move from the blood into the alveoli
increases minute ventilation
OBLA
Onset Blood Lactate Accumulation
The aerobic exercise level at which lactic acid begins to show an increase
CHRONIC ADAPTATIONS TO AEROBIC EXERCISE - Performance
Muscle Strength: no change
Muscle endurance: increase for low power output
Aerobic power: increases
Maximal rate of force production: no change or decreases
vertical jump: ability unchanged
anaerobic power: no change
spring speed: no change or improves slightly
CHRONIC ADAPTATIONS TO AEROBIC EXERCISE - Muscle Fibers
Fiber Size: no change or increases slightly
Capillary density: increases
mitochondrial density: increases
CHRONIC ADAPTATIONS TO AEROBIC EXERCISE - Metabolic Energy stores
ATP, Creatine Phosphate, Glycogen, Triglycerides INCREASES
CHRONIC ADAPTATIONS TO AEROBIC EXERCISE - Connective tissue
Ligament and Tendon strength: increases
Bone density: no change of increases
CHRONIC ADAPTATIONS TO AEROBIC EXERCISE - Body Composition
%Body Fat: decreases
Fat-free Mass: NO CHANGE
CHRONIC ADAPTATIONS TO AEROBIC EXERCISE - Respiratory
Increase in tidal volume and breathing frequency w maximal exercise
submaximal exercise
- decrease breathing frequency / increase tidal volume
Tidal Volume
Amount of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath
Aerobic Endurance Training
Results in reduced body fat, increased maximal oxygen uptake, increased running economy, increased respiratory capacity, lower blood lactate concentration at submaximal exercise, increased mitochondrial and capillary densities, and improved enzyme activity
Altitude
3.900ft
Altitude Adaptations Acute
Hyperventilation
Body fluids alkaline
Cardiac output increases at rest and during submaximal exercise
HR submaximal increases
Stroke Volume. Maximal HR, Maximal Cardiac
Output remains the same or is slightly lowered
