Chapter 6 - Adaptations to Aerobic Endurance Training Programs

Question 1

Cardiac Output (acute)

Answer 1

initially increases rapidly, then more gradually, and subsequently reaches a plateau

with a maximal exercise, increase to times of resting levels

Question 2

Cardiac Output definition

Answer 2

The amount of blood pumped by the heart in liters per minute

Question 3

Q =

Answer 3

SV x HR

Question 4

Stroke Volume definition

Answer 4

The quantity of blood ejected with each beat

Question 5

Stroke Volume (acute response)

Answer 5

End-diastolic volume is significantly increased
At onset of exercise, sympathetic stimulation increases stroke volume

Question 6

Heart rate (acute

Answer 6

Increases linearly with increases in intensity

Question 7

Oxygen Uptake (acute)

Answer 7

increases during an acute bout of aerobic exercises and is directly related to the mass of exercising muscle, metabolic efficiency, and exercise intensity

Question 8

Maximal Oxygen Uptake (definition)

Answer 8

The greatest amout of oxygen that can be used at the cellular level for the entire body

Question 9

Resting oxygen uptake (MET)

Answer 9

3.5 ml of oxyge/kg of body (MET)

Question 10

Systolic Blood Pressure

Answer 10

Estimates the pressure exerted against the arterial walls as blood is forcefully ejected during ventricular contraction

Question 11

Diastolic blood pressure

Answer 11

Used to estimate the pressure exerted against the arterial walls when no blood is being forcefully ejected through the vessels

Question 12

ACUTE aerobic exercise

Answer 12

increases in:
- cardiac output
- stroke volume
- heart rate
- oxygen uptake
- systolic blood pessure
- blood flow to active muscles

DECREASE
- diastolic blood pressure

Question 13

Respiratory Responses

Answer 13

Greater amounts of oxygen diffuse from the capillaries into the tissues

increased levels of carbon dioxide move from the blood into the alveoli

increases minute ventilation

Question 14

OBLA

Answer 14

Onset Blood Lactate Accumulation
The aerobic exercise level at which lactic acid begins to show an increase

Question 15

CHRONIC ADAPTATIONS TO AEROBIC EXERCISE - Performance

Answer 15

Muscle Strength: no change

Muscle endurance: increase for low power output

Aerobic power: increases

Maximal rate of force production: no change or decreases

vertical jump: ability unchanged

anaerobic power: no change

spring speed: no change or improves slightly

Question 16

CHRONIC ADAPTATIONS TO AEROBIC EXERCISE - Muscle Fibers

Answer 16

Fiber Size: no change or increases slightly

Capillary density: increases

mitochondrial density: increases

Question 17

CHRONIC ADAPTATIONS TO AEROBIC EXERCISE - Metabolic Energy stores

Answer 17

ATP, Creatine Phosphate, Glycogen, Triglycerides INCREASES

Question 18

CHRONIC ADAPTATIONS TO AEROBIC EXERCISE - Connective tissue

Answer 18

Ligament and Tendon strength: increases

Bone density: no change of increases

Question 19

CHRONIC ADAPTATIONS TO AEROBIC EXERCISE - Body Composition

Answer 19

%Body Fat: decreases
Fat-free Mass: NO CHANGE

Question 20

CHRONIC ADAPTATIONS TO AEROBIC EXERCISE - Respiratory

Answer 20

Increase in tidal volume and breathing frequency w maximal exercise

submaximal exercise
- decrease breathing frequency / increase tidal volume

Question 21

Tidal Volume

Answer 21

Amount of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath

Question 22

Aerobic Endurance Training

Answer 22

Results in reduced body fat, increased maximal oxygen uptake, increased running economy, increased respiratory capacity, lower blood lactate concentration at submaximal exercise, increased mitochondrial and capillary densities, and improved enzyme activity

Question 23

Altitude

Answer 23

3.900ft

Question 24

Altitude Adaptations Acute

Answer 24

Hyperventilation

Body fluids alkaline

Cardiac output increases at rest and during submaximal exercise

HR submaximal increases

Stroke Volume. Maximal HR, Maximal Cardiac
Output remains the same or is slightly lowered