Chapter 18 - Program Design for Plyometric Training Flashcards
Mechanical Model of Plyometric Exercise
Rapid stretch stores elastic energy in tendons
Concentric muscle action follows immediately releases energy
SEC
Series elastic component
when stretched, stores elastic energy that increases the force produced
CC
Contractile Component
actin, myosin, cross-bridges
primary source of muscle force during concentric muscle action
PEC
Parallel elastic component
(epimysium, perimysium, endomysium, sarcolemma)
exerts a passive force with unstimulated muscle stretch
Neurophysiological Model
Stretch Reflex
Stretch Reflex
body’s involuntary reponse to an external stimulus that stretches the muscles
Muscle Spindles
Intrafusal muscle fibers, monitor changes in muscle length
Stretch-Shortening Cycle
SSC
Combines mechanical and neurophysiological mechanisms and is the basis of plyometric exercise.
Phases of SSC
I. Eccentric
II. Amortization
II. Concentric
I. Eccentric Phase
Stretch of the agonist
Begins at touchdown and continues until the movement ends
II. Amortization Phase
Pause in between phases I and III (transition)
It is the most crucial allowing greater power production
III. Concentric Phase
Shortening of agonist muscle fibers
Comprises the entire push-off time, until the athlete’s foot leaves the surface
Program Design for Plyometrics
Need Analysis
Mode
Intensity
Frequency
Recovery
Volume
Program Length
Progression
Warm Up
Intensity
It is controlled primarily by the TYPE of Plyometric drill
Factors affecting intensity
Points of contact
Speed
Height of the Drill
Participants weight
Frequency
48-72h between plyo sessions
2-4 sessions per week
Recovery
5-10 seconds in between reps
2-3 minutes between sets
(1:5 - 1:10 work ratio)
Volume
Number of throws or catches (upper body)
Number of ground contact (lower body)
Appropriate Plyometric Volumes
Beginner 80-100
Intermediate 100-120
Advanced 120-140
Warm-Up
Low-intensity, dynamic movements
Marching, jogging, skipping, footwork, lunging
Adolescent Recommendation
It is contraindicated for this population to perform depth jumps and high intensity lower body plyo
Safety Considerations (technique)
The shoulders are in line in the line with the knees for proper landing
Safety Considerations (strength)
1RM squat at least should be 1.5 of his body weight. But most important is TECHNIQUE
Safety Considerations (balance)
Hold 30sec in each
Standing
Quarter squat
Half squat
Beginning Plyometric training for the first time
must stand on one leg for 30 seconds without failing
Beginning an advanced plyometric program
must maintain a single-leg half squat for 30 seconds
Safety Considerations (physical characteristics)
weight more than 220 pounds should NOT perform depth jumps greater than 18 INCHES
Landing Surface
Grass field, suspended floor, rubber mat
Training area
at least 30m of straightway, or 100m
ceiling height should be 3-4m in order to be adequate
Equipment
Boxes should range from 6 to 42 inches
Boxes should have a landing surface of at least 18 by 24inches
Depth Jumping Height
16 to 42in
30 to 32 being the norm