Chapter 6 - Acute physiological responses to exercise

Question 1

Cardiovascular system
Q = HR x SV

Answer 1

• Increased heart rate
• Increased stroke volume
• Increased cardiac output
• Increased blood pressure
• Redistributed blood flow to working muscles
• Increased arteriovenous oxygen difference

Question 2

Increased stroke volume

Answer 2

Is the amount of blood elected from the left ventricle per beat

Question 3

Increased cardiac output

Answer 3

Is the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle per minute

Question 4

Increased blood pressure

Answer 4

Is the pressure exerted by the blood against the arterial walls as it is forced through the circulatory system by the action of the heart
- Systolic
- Diastolic

Question 5

Systolic blood pressure

Answer 5

Is the pressure recorded as blood is ejected during the contraction phase of the heartbeat

Question 6

Diastolic blood pressure

Answer 6

Is the value recorded during relaxation of the heart

Question 7

Redistribution of blood flow to working muscles

Answer 7

• At rest 15–20 per cent of total blood flow is directed to working muscles
• During exercise 80–90 per cent of total blood flow is directed to working muscles

Question 8

Increased a-VO2 difference

Answer 8

Is a measure of the difference in the concentration of oxygen in the arterial blood and the concentration of oxygen in the venous blood

Question 9

Respiratory system
V = TV x RF

Answer 9

• Increased respiratory frequency (breathing rate)
• Increased tidal volume
• Increased ventilation
• Increased oxygen uptake
• Increased pulmonary diffusion

Question 10

Increased respiratory frequency (breathing rate)

Answer 10

Is the number of breaths taken per minute

Question 11

Increased tidal volume

Answer 11

Is the amount of air breathed in and out in one breath

Question 12

Increased ventilation

Answer 12

Is the amount of air inspired or expired per minute by the lungs

Question 13

Increased pulmonary diffusion

Answer 13

The process oxygen is taken from the blood, and carbon dioxide is diffused from the blood to the lungs

Question 14

Increased oxygen uptake

Answer 14

Is the amount of oxygen transported to and taken to the body for energy production

Question 15

VO2 max

Answer 15

Is the maximum amount of oxygen per minute that can be transported to, taken up by and used by the body for energy production

Question 16

Oxygen deficit

Answer 16

Is the state in which there is a shortage between oxygen supply and demand, and the needed to meet energy requirements of the activity

Question 17

Factors affecting maximum oxygen uptake

Answer 17

• Body size
• Gender
• Age
• Genetics
• Fitness levels

Question 18

EPOC

Answer 18

Is the amount of oxygen consumed during the recovery period after the completion of an exercise

Question 19

Muscular system

Answer 19

• Increased motor unit and muscle fibre recruitment
• Increased blood flow in the muscles
• Increased muscle temperature
• Increased muscle enzyme activity
• Increased oxygen extraction and utilisation
• Decreased muscle substrate levels

Question 20

Increased motor unit and muscle fibre recruitment

Answer 20

• When exercise begins, an increase in motor unit recruitment must take place so that more muscle fibres are activated to contract
• The greater the force or effort required = the greater the number of motor units recruited and the greater the number of muscle fibres activated

Question 21

Increased blood flow in the muscles

Answer 21

Extra demand of the muscles for oxygen during exercise leads to vasodilation of the capillaries and redistribution of blood flow, from the internal organs to the working skeletal muscles

Question 22

Increased muscle temperature

Answer 22

Heat generated as a by-product of the increased production of ATP during exercise, results in an increase in muscle temperature

Question 23

Increased muscle enzyme activity

Answer 23

• Increases to produce the increased amounts of ATP required by the muscles
• Enzymes are involved in all of the chemical processes that produce energy via the three energy pathways

Question 24

Increased oxygen extraction and utilisation

Answer 24

Muscle cells extract and use more oxygen during exercise

Question 25

Decreased muscle substrate levels

Answer 25

• All 3 systems begin to deplete during exercise because they are sources of fuel for the production of ATP
• The depletion of these energy stores contributes to the fatigue experienced during exercise and physical activity