Chapter 3 - Coaching and Instructing Flashcards
What is an direct approach?
Is when a coach gives explicit instructions about skill execution and tactical awareness in order to improve performance
- Allows participants to understand the basics of the skill they wish to perform
Advantages of a direct approach
- The instructor-centred approach keeps the learners ‘on task’
- It provides a predictable/closed environment to assist the beginner skill learner
- It facilitates early-stage skill learning
- Improvements in practice performance are rapid compared with indirect
instruction - There is an emphasis on mastering technique
- The learner is provided with a set of rules to guide decision making
What is constraint based approach?
Is an approach to instruction encourages the learner to discover effective skill technique and develop tactical awareness through participation in short-sided modified games
Constraints based approach to instruction
- Early exposure to game situations - decision making
- Develop effective movement skills in a game context
- Low player number and modified games
Implicit learning
Is the learning of skills and information in an incidental manner, without awareness of what has been learned
What are the 3 constraints-based learning?
- Task
- Individual
- Environment
Task
- Rules of the sport, equipment, facilities. They also include the purpose or goal of the activity.
- This is the most versatile constraint to manipulate
- Task constraints explain the goal of the sport
Ex. Playing defence in basketball without your hands.
Individual
- Physical, psychological, and behavioural characteristics of the individual or performer.
Ex. Things such as height, skill, level, age, fitness, confidence
Environmental
- Physical climate in which the sport is played including temperature, surface
- Also includes cultural influences
- Ex. Cricket in India leads to early exposure and subsequent motor skill development in throwing and hitting, as cricket is insanely popular in India.
Ex. Growing up in surfers paradise, chances are you’re going to have exposure to surfing due to the access ability to the beach
Advantages of the constraints-based approach to instruction
- Practice closely replicates the game environment, facilitating the development of more applicable skills.
- Practice is more varied, ensuring the development of versatile skills and providing the learner with a more exciting and engaging learning environment.
- The learning is implicit.
- Implicit learners make better problem solvers and are less likely to choke at times
of stress. - It develops both technical and tactical awareness.
- It engenders independent/autonomous learning.
Game sense approach
Is a method of teaching tactical awareness and effective skill performance through game constraints modification and the use of guiding open-ended questions
What are the 3 stages of learning?
- Cognitive
- Associative
- Autonomous
Cognitive stage
- Is the first stage in which the participant is still learning about the skill
- This requires high levels of coachability in order to promote positive habits used in that sport
- The participant is a beginner
- Ex. Taylah kicking the footy
Coaching the cognitive stage
- Careful not to overload with information
- Feedback should be simple, no more than 2 points at a time
- Benefit from effective demonstration
Associative stage
- Is the second phase, in which participants are starting to get the hang of their sport
- This requires less coaching as the athlete has an intermediate understanding but still has a lot to improve
- Ex. My golf swing
These include:
- Family
- Peers
- Gender
- Culture
- Community
- Socioeconomic status
