Chapter 6 Flashcards
What is the general formula?
An algebraic formula that can describe any member of a family of compounds e.g. CnH2n+1
What is the empirical formula?
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms
What is the molecular formula?
The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule
What is the structural formula?
Shows the arrangement of atoms carbon by carbon e.g. CH3CH2CH2OH
What is the skeletal formula?
Shows the bonds of carbon skeletal only. The hydrogen and carbon atoms aren’t shown
What does the displayed formula show?
How the atoms are arranged
What is nomenculture?
The naming of compounds
When there are 6 carbon atoms, what is the stem name?
Hex-
When there are 7 carbon atoms, what is the stem name?
Hept-
When there are 8 carbon atoms, what is the stem name?
Oct-
When there are 9 carbon atoms, what is the stem name?
Non-
When there are 10 carbon atoms, what is the stem name?
Dec-
If there’s more than one identical side-chain or functional group, what should you use?
Di-(2) Tri-(3) Tetra-(4)
What is a homologous series?
A bunch of organic compounds that have the same functional group and general formula
What is the suffix of alkanes?
-ane
What is the prefix of branched alkanes?
-alkyl
What is the suffix of alkene?
-ene
What is the prefix of halogenoalkanes?
Chloro/bromo/iodo -
What is the suffix of alcohols?
-ol
What is the suffix of aldehydes?
-al
What is the suffix of ketones?
-one
What is the prefix and suffix of cyclohexanes?
Cyclo- …. -ane
What is the suffix of carboxyclic acids?
-oic acids
What is an addition reaction?
Joining 2 or more molecules together to form a larger molecule