Chapter 12 Flashcards
What does an acid release?
Protons
What does a base accept?
Protons
What are Bronsted-Lowry acids?
Proton donors
What do Bronsted-Lowry acids release when they are mixed with water?
They release hydrogen ions
What are Bronsted-Lowry bases?
Proton acceptors
When Bronsted-Lowry bases are in solution, what do they grab?
Hydrogen ions from water molecules
What do strong acids do?
They dissociate almost completely in water-nearly all the H+ ions will be released
Give an example of a strong acid:
Hydrochloric acid
What is the equation for the dissociation of hydrochloric acid?
HCl –> H+ + Cl-
Give an example of a strong base:
Sodium hydroxide
What do strong bases do?
They dissociate almost completely in water
What is the equation for the dissociation of sodium hydroxide?
NaOH –> Na+ + OH-
What do weak acid do?
They only partially dissociate -dissociate very slightly in water, so only small numbers of H+ ions form
What is the main difference for the dissociations of strong acids and weak acids equations?
For weak acids an equilibrium forms which lies well over to the left, representing the partial dissociation
What do weak bases do in water?
They only slightly protonate in water, and the equilibrium lies well over to the left
How do acids get rid of a proton?
They can only get rid of a proton if there’s a base to accept them
What does HA + B react to form?
BH+ +A-
What are conjugate pairs?
They are species that are linked to the transfer of a proton
What is the species that has lost a proton?
The conjugate base
What is the species that has gained a proton?
The conjugate acid
In the reaction HCl+H2O –> H30+ + Cl-, what is the conjugate base of HCl?
Cl-
When acids and bases react, what is formed?
A salt and water
If the concentration of H+ ions produced is equal to the concentration of OH- ions produced, what type of solution has been produced?
A neutral solution
What is a neutral solution?
One where (H+) = (OH-)