Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Chemistry > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What happens to ionisation energy as you go down the group?

A

It decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why does the ionisation energy decrease as you go down the group?

A
  • Each element has an extra electron shell
  • Extra shells shield attraction from the nucleus
  • Outer electrons are further away from the nucleus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

As ionisation energy decreases down the group, why does this mean that the reactivity in group 1 increases as you go down the group?

A

It is easier for the elements to lose their outer electron when they react and form a +1 ion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What ions do group 2 elements form?

A

+2 ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When group 2 elements react with water, what do they form?

A

Metal hydroxide + hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the chemical formula of calcium hydroxide?

A

Ca(OH)2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When group 2 elements burn in oxygen, what is the only product formed?

A

Solid white oxides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the chemical formula of calcium oxide??

A

CO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When group 2 elements react with chlorine, what do they form?

A

Chlorides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the chemical formula of calcium chloride?

A

CaCl2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why are metal hydroxides strongly alkaline?

A

Because of the OH- ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Are the oxides of he group 2 elements soluble?

A

Yes, and it increases as you go down group 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why do the group 2 oxides form more strongly alkaline solutions as you go down the group?

A

Because the hydroxides get more soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

As they are bases, what are the oxides and hydroxides of group 2 metals able to do?

A

Neutralise dilute acids, and form salts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When metal hydroxides react with water, what do they form?

A

Metal hydroxides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When metal oxides react with dilute HCl, what do they form?

A

Metal chlorides and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When metal hydroxides react with HCl, what do they form?

A

Metal chlorides and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens to the solubility of group 2 hydroxides as you go down the group?

A

The solubility increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a sulfate ion?

A

SO4 2-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What happens to the solubility of group 2 sulfates as you go down the group?

A

The solubility decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is thermal decomposition?

A

When a substance breaks down (decomposes) when heated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the relationship between how thermally stable a compound is and how much heat is required to break it down?

A

The more thermally stable a compound is, the more heat is required to break it down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are anions?

A

Negative ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What happens to large negative ions when in the presence of a cation?

A

They can be made unstable, distorting the anion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the relationship between the amount of distortion and the stability of the compound?
The greater the distortion, the less stable the compound
26
Why do large cations cause less distortion than small cations?
Because large cations have lower charge density
27
Why do carbonate/nitrate compounds become more stable as you go down the group?
Because the larger the cation, the lower the charge density, so the less distortion
28
What is a carbonate ion?
CO3 2-
29
What is a nitrate ion?
NO3 2-
30
Are group 1 carbonates thermally stable?
Yes, you can't decompose them with a bunsen burner
31
What do group 1 nitrates decompose to form?
The metal nitrite and oxygen
32
What is the chemical formula of magnesium nitrite?
MNO2
33
What do group 2 carbonates decompose to form?
Metal oxides and carbon dioxide
34
What do group 2 nitrates decompose to form?
Metal oxide, nitrogen dioxide, and oxygen
35
How do you test the thermal stability of nitrates?
- How long it takes for an amount of oxygen to be produced | - How long it takes for NO2 to be produced (brown gas)
36
How do you test the thermal stability of carbonates?
-How long it takes for carbon dioxide to be produced
37
What is the flame colour of lithium?
Red
38
What is the flame colour of sodium?
Orange/yellow
39
What is the flame colour of potassium?
Lilac
40
What is the flame colour of rubidum?
Red
41
What is the flame colour of caesium?
Blue
42
What is the flame colour of calcium?
Brick-red
43
What is the flame colour of strontium?
Crimson
44
What is the flame colour of barium?
Green
45
How do you do a flame test?
- Mix with HCl | - Heat with a piece of platinum or nichrome wire
46
What happens to the electronegativity values as you go up group 2?
They increase
47
What colour is bromine in water?
Yellow/orange
48
What colour is iodine in water?
Brown
49
What colour is bromine in hexane?
Orange/red
50
What colour is iodine in hexane?
Pink/violet
51
What happens to the reactivity of halogens as you go down the group?
They decrease in reactivity
52
Why do halogens decrease in reactivity as you go down the group?
- They react by gaining an electron - Their radius and number of shells gets bigger as you go down the group, so it is harder for larger atoms to attract an electron
53
What happens to the melting and boiling points of halogens as you go down the group?
Increase as the London forces between the molecules get stronger as you go down the group
54
If bromide is displaced and bromine is formed, what colour will the mixture turn?
Orange
55
If iodide is displaced and iodine is formed, what colour will the mixture turn?
Brown
56
When halogens react with group 1 and 2 metals, what is produced?
A salt, e.g. LiF and MgCl2
57
How do you make bleach?
2NaOH + Cl2 ---> NaClO +NaCl +H20
58
When you mix chlorine with water, what is produced?
A hypochlorous acid HClO
59
What does Hypochlorous acid ionise to make?
Chlorate ions which kill bacteria
60
What happens to the reducing power of halides as you go down the group?
The reducing power increases as it is easier for them to lose their outer electron
61
When a potassium halide reacts with sulfuric acid, what is produced?
Hydrohalide + KHSO4
62
What happens when KBr reacts with sulfuric acid?
KHSO4 + HBr
63
What happens when potassium iodide reacts with sulfuric acid?
KHSO4 + hydrogen iodide
64
What is KHSO4?
Potassium bisulfate
65
What are the main properties of hydrogen halides?
- Acidic gases | - Can dissolve in water to produce misty fumes of acidic gases
66
How do you test for halides?
- Add dilute nitric acid to remove ions that interfere with the reaction - Add silver nitrate solution and a precipitate of the silver halide is formed
67
What colour is the precipitate of AgCl?
White
68
What colour is the precipitate of AgBr?
Cream precipitate
69
What colour is the precipitate of AgI?
Yellow
70
What happens when AgCl is added to ammonia?
A colourless solution is formed
71
What happens when AgBr is added to ammonia?
Dissolves in concentrated ammonia to give a colourless solution
72
What happens when AgI is added to ammonia?
Precipitate does not dissolve
73
How do you test for carbonates?
-With dilute hydrochloric acid, carbonates will fizz because they give off carbon dioxide
74
How do you test for carbon dioxide?
Calcium dioxide turns limewater cloudy
75
How do you test for sulfates?
- Add dilute HCl followed by barium chloride solution. | - If a white precipitate of barium sulfate is formed, the original compound contained a sulfate
76
How do you test for ammonium compounds?
It turns red litmus paper blue | Add sodium hydroxide to the substance X and gently heat the mixture. If ammonia is given off there is ammonia present

Chemistry (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions