Chapter 2 Flashcards
What are ions?
Positively or negatively charged atoms
When are ion formed?
When electrons are transferred from one atom to another
What are cations?
Positively charged ions
What are anions?
Negatively charged ions
Generally, what is the charge on a metal ion equal to?
Its group number
Generally, what is the charge on a non-metal ion equal to?
Its group - 8
What does electrostatic attraction do?
It holds positive and negative ions together
What is an ionic bond?
The strong electrostatic attraction between 2 appositely charged ions
When does an ionic compound form?
When oppositely charged ions for an ionic bond
What 2 things affect the strength of an ionic bond?
The ionic charges and the ionic radii
How do ionic charges affect the strength of the ionic bond?
The greater the charge on an ion, the stronger the ionic bond
What is the relationship between the charge dennsity of an ion and the strength of an ionic bond?
The higher the charge density, the stronger the ionic bond
What is the relationship between the ionic radii and the strength of an ionic bond?
Smaller ions pack together closer together than large ions, so small packed ions have stronger ionic bonding than larger ions, which sit further apart
What happens to the ionic radius as you go down a group?
It decreases
What are isoelectronic ions?
Ions with different atoms with the same number of electrons
What happens to the ionic radius of isoelectronic ions as the atomic number increases?
The ionic radius decreases
What do dot-and-cross diagrams show?
The arrangement of electrons in an atom or a bond, and which atom the electrons in a bond originally came from
What structures do ionic compounds form?
Giant ionic lattice structures
What structure are ionic crystals?
Giant lattices of ions
What is a lattice?
A regular structure
What is a giant lattice?
A structure made up of the same basic unit repeated over and over again
Why does a giant lattice form?
Because each ion is electrostatically attracted in all directions to ions of the opposite charge
As ionic compounds have high melting points, what does this tell you?
The ions are held together by strong attraction
Why is an ionic compound soluble in water, but not in non-polar solvents?
The ions are pulled apart by polar molecules as they are charged