Chapter 6 Flashcards
What is an electronic structure?
arrangement and energy of electrons
What is electromagnetic radiation?
form of energy that has wave characterisitics and that propagates through a vacuum at the speed of light
What is the value for the speed of light?
c = 3.00 * 10^8 m/s
What are the 3 characteristics of waves?
peak | trough | wavelength
What is a wavelength (lambda)?
distance between 2 adjacent peaks or troughs
What is frequency (v)?
number of complete wavelengths, or cycles that pass a given point each second
What is the unit for frequency?
Hertz (Hz) = cycles per second
What velocity do all electromagnetic radiation travels at?
speed of light! 3.00*10^8 m/s
What length and unit does X-ray radiation have?
e-10 | Å angstroms
What length and unit do ultraviolet/visible radaition have?
e-9 | nanometer (nm)
What length and unit do infrared radiation have?
e-6 | micrometer (um)
What length and unit do microwaves have?
e-3 to e-2 | milimeter (mm) to centimeters (cm)
What length and unit do television/radio waves have?
1 meter (m)
What length and unit do radio waves have?
e3 | kilometer (km)
What are the 3 phenomenons of light?
blackbody radiation | photoelectric effect | emission spectra
What is blackbody radiation?
emisison of light from hot objects
Who is Max Planck?
explained energy by assuming that it comes in packets called “quanta”
What is quantum?
smallest quantity of energy that can be emitted or absorbed as electromagnetic radiation
What is the equation Planck proposed about energy?
E = h(Planck’s constant) v(frequency)
What is the value of Planck’s constant?
h = 6.626*10^-23 Js
Who explained the photoelectric phenomenon?
Einstein using quanta
What is the photoelectric effect?
the light (photon) has an energy (E=hv) that makes the electrons on the metal surface emit off of it
What is a photon?
particle of energy
What is a continuous spectrum?
continuous range of rainbow colors containing light of all wavelengths
What is a spectrum?
produced when radiation from a polychromatic source is separated into component wavelengths
What is a line spectrum?
radiation of only specific wavelengths observed from energy emitted by atoms and molecules
What is the wavelength for VIOLET?
410 nm
What is the wavelength for BLUE?
434 nm
What is the wavelength for BLUE-GREEN?
486 nm
What is the wavelength for RED?
656 nm
Who is Johann Balmer?
discovered a simple formula relating the 4 wavelengths observed of the hydrogen spectrum to integers
Who is Johannes Rydberg?
Physicist that advanced Balmer’s formula
What is Balmer’s equation?
(1/lambda) = (Rh) ( (1/(nf^2)) - (1/(ni^2)) )
What is “Rh” in Balmer’s equation and what is its value?
Rydbergs constant | -2.18*10^-18 J
What are the 3 postulates that the Bohr atomic model is based on?
Electrons can only occupy certain orbits corresponding to certain energies | Electron in an orbit has an “allowed” energy won’t be radiated from the atom | Electron emits/absorbs energy when it moves energy states