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Chemistry R120 > Chapter 15: Chemical Equilibrium > Flashcards

Chapter 15: Chemical Equilibrium Flashcards

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1
Q

What is chemical equilibrium?

A

occurs when the forward and reverse reactions proceed at equal RATES

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2
Q

What is an equilibrium state?

A

mixture of reactants and product whose concentrations no longer change with time

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3
Q

What must equilibrium mixtures must be?

A

REVERSIBLE

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4
Q

What is required in order for equilibrium to occur?

A

neither reactants nor products can escape from the system

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5
Q

What is the Haber process?

A

catalyst system and conditions of temp(T) and pressure for the formation of NH3, N2 and H2

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6
Q

Who developed the Haber process?

A

Fritz Haber

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7
Q

What is the law of mass action?

A

(any reaction) relationships between the concentrations of reactants and products present at equilibrium which condition is described by an equilibrium constant expression

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8
Q

Who developed the law of mass action?

A

Cato Maximillian Guldberg and Perter Waage

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9
Q

What is the equilibrium constant for concentration?

A

Kc

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10
Q

What is the equilibrium constant for pressure?

A

Kp

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11
Q

What does the equilibrium constant depend only on?

A

stoichiometry fo the reaction

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12
Q

What does the equilibrium constant not depend on?

A

mechanism of reaction | initial amounts of reactants/products

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13
Q

What are the units for the equilibrium constants of pressure and concentration?

A

NO UNITS!!!

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14
Q

What does an equilibrium constant K&raquo_space; 1 indicate?

A

large k = equilibrium shifts RIGHT = products dominate

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15
Q

What does an equilibrium constant K &laquo_space;1 indicate?

A

small k = equilibrium shifts LEFT = reactants dominate

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16
Q

What is homogenous equilibria?

A

equilibria involving substances of all the SAME PHASE

17
Q

What is heterogenous equilibria?

A

equilibria involving substances of DIFFERENT PHASES

18
Q

What states are not included in the equilibrium constant expression/equation? Why?

A

solids and liquids | concentrations of liquids/solids = constant …. concentrations of products/reactants in the expression are variable

19
Q

What are the 2 things that equilibrium constant allows us to do?

A

predict the direction the reaction will reach equilibrium | calculate the equilibrium concentrations of products and reactants

20
Q

What is the reaction quotient (Q)?

A

obtained by substituting reactant/product concentrations/partial pressures AT ANY POINT DURING REACTION into the equilibrium constant expression

21
Q

How can one use the reaction quotient (Q) to analyze the reaction progress?

A

Compare it with the equilibrium constant (K)

22
Q

What does a reaction quotient (Q) < equilibrium constant (K) indicate?

A

[reactants] too much // [products] too little = need more products = shift RIGHT

23
Q

What does a reaction quotient (Q) > equilibrium constant (K) indicate?

A

[reactants] too little // [products] too much = need more reactants = shift LEFT

24
Q

What does a reaction quotient (Q) = equilibrium constant (K) indicate?

A

system is at equilibrium

25
Q

What is Le Chatlier’s Principle?

A

if a system at equilibrium is disturbed by change in temp(T), pressure or concentration = system will shift its equilibrium to counteract this change to get at equilibrium

26
Q

Who developed Le Chatlier’s Principle?

A

Henri-Louis Le Chatlier

27
Q

Based on Le Chatlier’s Principle, what occurs when a substance is added?

A

system reacts to consume it

28
Q

Based on Le Chatlier’s Principle, what occurs when a substance is removed?

A

system reacts to produce more of it

29
Q

Based on Le Chatlier’s Principle, what must be changed in order to change the pressure of the system?

A

change volume

30
Q

Based on Le Chatlier’s Principle, what occurs when a volume is increased?

A

shift to produce MORE gas molecules

31
Q

Based on Le Chatlier’s Principle, what occurs when a volume is decreased?

A

shift to produce LESS gas molecules

32
Q

Based on Le Chatlier’s Principle, what occurs when a temperature is INCREASED in a ENDOTHERMIC reaction?

A

shift RIGHT = increase K

33
Q

Based on Le Chatlier’s Principle, what occurs when a temperature is DECREASED in a ENDOTHERMIC reaction?

A

shift LEFT

34
Q

Based on Le Chatlier’s Principle, what occurs when a temperature is INCREASED in a EXOTHERMIC reaction?

A

shift LEFT = decrease K

35
Q

Based on Le Chatlier’s Principle, what occurs when a temperature is DECREASED in a EXOTHERMIC reaction?

A

shift RIGHT

36
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

increases the rate that the system reaches equilibrium BUT does NOT change the composition of the equilibrium mixture

Chemistry R120 (18 decks)

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