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Chemistry R120 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

List Dalton’s 4 postulates?

A

1) all matter = made up of indivisible/indestructible atoms | 2) all atoms in an element have the same mass/properties | 3) compounds = 2+ different atoms | 4) chemical reaction = rearrangement of atoms

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2
Q

What was JJ Thompson’s model of the atom? Who disproved this model?

A

positively charged sphere has electrons embedded within the sphere | Ernest Rutherford

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3
Q

What was Ernest Rutheford’s model of the atom?

A

positive charge = resides in the nucleus | empty surrounding space = electrons floating

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4
Q

What is the role of the neutron in the nucleus?

A

adds mass and prevents protons from repelling each other in the nucleus

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5
Q

What is the composition of the atom?

A

electrons and protons = equal amount | neutrons and protons = in the nucleus

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6
Q

Protons: size, charge, mass

A

large | +1 | 1.0073 amu

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7
Q

Electrons: size, charge, mass

A

very small | -1 | 5.486e-4 amu

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8
Q

Neutron: size, charge, mass

A

large | 0 | 1.0087 amu

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9
Q

What are the 3 subatomic particles?

A

protons, neutrons, electrons

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10
Q

***Atom: size, charge, mass

A

1-5 A |

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11
Q

What is the atomic number of an element? What is carbon’s atomic number?

A

number of protons in an element | carbon = 6

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12
Q

Which changes in number when it comes to isotopes: protons or neutrons? What is carbon-14?

A

neutrons | carbon-14 = 2 extra neutrons (total of 8 neutrons)

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13
Q

What are isotopes?

A

atoms with same atomic numbers but different mass numbers

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14
Q

What is atomic weight?

A

the average atomic mass of an element that has isotopes

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15
Q

What are the properties of an electron as seen in cathode rays?

A

negatively charged particles were found to flow from cathode tubes = fluroescence

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16
Q

What was Millikan’s oil-drop experiment?

A

small drops of oil fell between 2 electrically charged plates = measured the varying voltages between the plates affected the fall

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17
Q

What did Millikan’s oil-drop experiment measure about the electron?

A

it determined the charge of the electron = negative

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18
Q

What is the experimental evidence for the nuclear nature of the atom?

A

–

19
Q

What are groups of the periodic table?

A

vertical columns

20
Q

What are the periods of the periodic table?

A

horizontal rows

21
Q

What is group 1A of the periodic table?

A

alkali metals

22
Q

What is group 2A of the periodic table?

A

alkaline earth metals

23
Q

What is group 6A of the periodic table?

A

chalcogens

24
Q

What is group 7A of the periodic table?

A

halogens

25
Q

What is group 8A of the periodic table?

A

noble gases

26
Q

Where are the metallic elements on the periodic table?

A

left and middle

27
Q

Where are the nonmetal elements?

A

right of the stepline border from boron (B) to astatine (At)

28
Q

What are the 6 metalloid elements?

A

Te-Sb-As-Si Ge-B

29
Q

What is a molecule?

A

chemical combination of 2+ atoms

30
Q

Which elements typically combine to form molecules?

A

mainly nonmetals

31
Q

What are the 7 diatomic moelcules?

A

Br, I, N, Cl, H, O, F

32
Q

What are the monatomic molecules?

A

the noble gases

33
Q

What is a molecular formula?

A

chemical formula that indicate the actual numbers of atoms in a molecule

34
Q

What is the empirical formula?

A

chemical formulas giving a relative number of each type of atom in a molecule

35
Q

What is an ion?

A

a charged particle

36
Q

What is a cation?

A

(+) charge ion

37
Q

What is an anion?

A

(-) charge ion

38
Q

What is an ionic compound?

A

compound made up of anions (nonmetals) and cations (metals) | combinations of metals and nonmetals

39
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

compounds only containing hydrogen and carbon

40
Q

What is an alkane?

A

each carbon = bound to 4 other atoms

41
Q

What is an alcohol?

A

compound where an -OH (hydroxyl) group substitutes a hydrogen (-H) on a hydrocarbon

42
Q

How many carbons does propanol have?

A

3 C

43
Q

How many carbons does methanol have?

A

1 C

44
Q

How many carbons does ethanol have?

A

2 C

Chemistry R120 (18 decks)

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