Chapter 13: Properties of Sultions Flashcards
What are the 2 factors affecting the ability of substances to form solutions?
natural tendency for substances to mix | intermolecular interactions
How does mixing of gases happen spontaneously?
due to entropy (S)
What are the 3 kinds of intermolecular interactions involved in solution formation?
solute-solute interactions | solvent-solvent interactions | solvent-solute interactions
What are the solute-solute interactions?
between solute particles = need to overcome them in order to disperse the solute particles within the solvent
What are solvent-solvent interactions?
between solvent particles = need to overcome them to make room for the solute particles in between the solvent molecules
What are the solute-solvent interactions?
between solute and solvent particles = need to occur as they mix
What is solvation?
interaction that occurs when solute is surrounded by solvent molecules
What is hydration?
solvation interaction when solvent is H2O
What are hydrates?
solid compounds with a defined number of water molecules within the crystal lattice
What is crystallization?
when solute particles collide with the surface of a solute solid and reattach
What is a saturated solution?
solution that is in equal equilibrium with undissolved solute
What is solubility?
MAX amount of solute that can dissolve in a given quantity of solvent to form a saturated solution
What is an unsaturated solution?
less solute dissolved than the amount needed to form a saturated solution
What is a supersaturated solution?
solvent holding more solute than is normally possible at that temperature | unstable solutions
How can crystallization occur with a super saturated solution?
by adding a “seed of crystal” or scratching the side of a flask
What are the 3 factors affecting solubility?
solute-solvent interactions | pressure | temperature
How does solubility affect solute-solvent interactions?
increase in solubility is due to stronger attractions between solute and solvent molecules
What is miscible?
liquids that mix in all proportions