Chapter 4 Flashcards
What is an aqueous solution?
water is the solvent in the solution
What is a solution?
homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances
What is a solvent?
the substance that is present in the greatest amount in the solution
What is a solute?
all other substances in the solution that is dissolved by the solvent
What is an electrolyte?
substance that dissociates into ions when dissolved in water (solvent)
What is a non electrolyte?
substance that does NOT dissociate into ions when dissolved in water (solvent)
What is dissociation?
where water surrounds the separated ions
What is solvation?
when water molecules are solvating the ions to help stabilize them in solution and prevent them from recombining
What is a strong electrolyte?
one that dissociates COMPLETELY when dissolved in water (ie:NaCl)
What is a weak electrolyte?
one that dissociates PARTIALLY when dissolved in water (ie: acetic acid)
What is a precipitation reaction?
when 2 solutions containing soluble salts are mixed and produces a water-insoluble salt
What is a precipitation reaction also called?
“salting out”
What is a precipitate?
insoluble solid formed by a reaction in solution
What is solubility of a substance at a given temperature?
the amount of substance that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent
What is metathesis?
to transpose (exchange) the ions in the reactants compounds with each other
What is a metathesis reaction also called?
double replacement
What are the 6 ions that soluble ionic compounds must contain?
NO3- | CH3COO- | Cl- | Br- | I- | (SO4)2-
When are Cl-, Br-, and I- not soluble? When paired with which 3 cations?
Ag+ | Pb2+ | Hg2+
When is (SO4)2- not soluble? When paired with which 4 cations?
Sr2+ | Ba2+ | Hg2+ Pb2+
What are the 4 aniona that insoluble compounds contain?
S2- | OH- | (CO3)2- | (PO4)3-
When are S2- and OH- soluble? When paired with which 4 cations and which group?
NH4+ | Ca2+ | Ba2+ | Sr2+ | Group 1A cations
When are (CO3)2- and (PO4)3- soluble? When paired with which cation and which group?
NH4+ | Group 1A
What are the 3 ways to write a metathesis reaction?
molecular euqation | complete ionic equation | net ionic equation
What are the 3 steps to predicting whether or not a precipitate will form when electrolytes mix?
1) note the ions present | 2) consider the possible ionic combinations | 3) refer to the solubility guidelines