Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Life Science > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What’s the main function of leaves?

A 
Manufacturing food
Exchange gasses
Transpiration
Evaporation
Store food
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why does plants manufacture of food?

A

help the plant to produce food
converting the energy in sunlight into chemical energy
plant can make glucose during photosynthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does the plant exchange gases?

A

Openings, stomata, helps exchange gasses.
Day - CO2 in, O2 out
Night - O2 in, CO2 out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the purpose of transpiration and evaporation?

A

Helps pull water from roots.

Help cooling the plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do leaves store food?

A

In form of starch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Of what dat the basic dicotyledonous leaf consist?

A 
Leaf base
Two stipules
Petiole
auxiliary bud
Leaf blade
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Leaf base?

A

Expanded area of petiole where leaf attaches to stem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Paired stipules?

A

Located each side of leaf base.

Two small flaps protect young blade as develops.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Petiole?

A

Stalk connects blade to leaf base

Inside tiny vessels, connected with veins in leaf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Blade?

A

Major photosynthetic surface of plant, appears green.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Veins?

A

Visible in leaf blade are vascular bundles for transport of organic molecules and inorganic substances.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are organic molecules?

A

Sucrose

Amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are inorganic substances?

A

Water

Mineral ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Auxiliary bud?

A

Develops in axil between petiole and stem.

Potential to form shoots or flowers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a simple leaf?

A

When only single blade inserted directly on petiole.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a compound leaf?

A

Blade two or more subunits: leaflets

17
Q

What are the different layers of the leaf?

A

Upper epidermis
Lower epidermis
Mesophyll
Vascular bundles

18
Q

Upper epidermis?

A

Layer transparent cells-cover up surface of leaf
Allows light to pass through mesophyll cells
Protect inner cells
Produce cuticle

19
Q

What is the cuticle?

A

Waxy layer - cover upper epidermis

20
Q

Lower epidermis?

A 
Layer Transparent cells - cover lower surface leaf
Reduces water evaporation 
Allow light pass through mesophyll cells
Protect inner cells
Sometimes produce cuticle
Stomata
21
Q

Stomata?

A 
Between epidermal cells
Guard cells on each side
Control opening and closing
Gaseous exchange CO2 and O2 diffuse in and out
Transpiration
Few chloroplasts some photosynthesis
22
Q

Mesophyll?

A

Between two epidermises
Top - palisade: most photosynthesis takes place
Bottom - spongy m: round, loosely arranged; air spaces between for gaseous exchange by diffusion between m cells and air.

Photosynthesis also takes place

23
Q

Vascular bundles?

A

Xylem

Phloem

24
Q

Xylem?

A

Tiny tubes - xylem vessels

Transport inorganic substances

25
Q

Phloem?

A

Transport inorganic substances.

(Translocation

26
Q

Why is Geranium a well known plant in Namibia?

A

Grow throughout Namibia
Gardeners like to plant in pots
Easy to get from nurseries

27
Q

Why is Elodea common?

A

Aquatic plant/waterweed
Use in aquariums for O2 for fish
Easy to get from fish shops

28
Q

What is the definition of photosynthesis?

A

Method of nutrition in green plants by trapping light energy in chlorophyll and producing organic substances (carbohydrates - glucose), using water, carbon dioxide with release of O2 as byproduct.

29
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide + water + (chlorophyll;light energy) =>glucose + oxygen

30
Q

How is the leaf adapted to carry out photosynthesis?

A
  • leaf supported by petiole expose largest possible are to sunlight/air
  • leaf large surface area exposed to sunlight and air. Absorb max sunlight
  • thin allow light penetrate all cells. Diffusion quicker, reduced distance
  • upper - lower epidermis transparent; allow light through to mesophyll layer.
  • palisade m cells closely packed absorb more incident light
  • palisade m cells near leaf surface maximize light interception
  • pmc arranged at right angles, reduce number of cell walls for light to pass through
  • pmc large amounts of chloroplasts maximise sunlight absorption
  • smc round, loosely packes; accommodate air spaces-act as reservoirs for gasses and assist in gaseous in gaseous axchange
  • mesophyll cells large vacuoles middle; push chloroplasts to edge of cells
  • mesophyll cell walls thin cell walls; short diffusion pathway
  • chloroplasts contain chlorophyll: trap sunlight energy used to combine CO2 and H2O to make glucose
  • chloroplasts move in mesophyll cells towards light
  • chloroplasts move in mesophyll cells away from high intensity avoid damage
  • Xylem: present within short distances form every mesophyll cell fot transport of water to cells, some of which will be used in chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
  • Phloem:present in short distances from every mesophyll cell, to translocate products of photosynthesis
31
Q

What is the process of photosynthesis?

A
  1. Light energy absorbed in chloroplasts, trapped by chlorophyll in chloroplasts of mesophyll cells
  2. Light energy transformed to chemical energy
  3. Water absorbed from soil by root hair cells - osmosis
  4. Water from in root hair cells through cortex and endodermis into Xylem to leaves
  5. From leaf Xylem, water by osmosis into mesophyll cells and chloroplasts
  6. Chemical energy used to split water molecules hydrogen ions and oxygen
  7. Oxygen released by diffusion into air spaces of leaf; then through stomata out
  8. Carbon dioxide enters diffusion stomata, diffuses into air spaces
  9. diffuses into chloroplasts of mesophyll cells
  10. Carbon dioxide hydrogen atoms combined
    Carbon dioxides converts into carbohydrates, using sunlight energy
  11. Forms energy rich carbohydrate molecule - glucose
32
Q

Importance of photosynthesis?

A
  1. Photosynthesis sugar, oxygen. Oxygen important to survive
  2. Need energy grow;reproduce. Respiration to produce ATP, used for energy. Respiration reaction uses glucose
  3. Glucose used to build plant cell structures; cellulose walls
  4. Glucose changes to insoluble starch, fats, oils, proteins; stored in seeds leaves roots.
  5. Photosynthesis reduce CO2.
    Can reduce global warming
33
Q

Shade leaves?

A

Thinner, larger more surface area, more chlorophyll.

More efficient in harvesting sunlight at low light levels

34
Q

Sun leaves?

A

Thicker, smaller less surface area, less chlorophyll

Develop longer palisade or an additional layer of palisade

35
Q

Why is gaseous exchange important?

A

Photosynthesis: need CO2, means disposing of O2.
Respiration: need O2, means disposing CO2
Water vapor for osmosis

36
Q

How is stomata adapted for sufficient gaseous exchange?

A

Optimum size, shape distribution for efficient diffusion

Surrounded by 2 guard cells, attached at each end of both cells

Stomata open, spongy palisade mesophyll in continuous contact with outside atmosphere.
Carbon dioxide enter by diffusion
Water in mesophyll cells across cellular membranes, evaporates into air spaces, and evaporates through stomata.
Oxygen exactly the same: mesophyll cells>cellular membrane>air spaces>stomata

37
Q

How have leaves adapted for efficient gaseous exchange?

A

Thin, stomata, large surface area

Life Science (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions