Chapter 3 Flashcards
What is biology?
All living things seven characteristics: Movement Respiration Sensitivity Growth Reproduction Excretion Nutrition
What is nutrition?
The obtaining of organic or inorganic nutrients from surroundings to use for energy, repair, growth and to stay healthy.
What is autotrophic nutrition and what plants are autotrophic?
They produce their own food through photosynthesis and they obtain chlorophyll.
Examples are green plants, blue-green algae and some protoctista.
What is heterotrophic nutrition and what organisms are heterotrophic?
They obtain organic or inorganic nutrients from bodies of other organisms. Animals Fungi Some protoctista Prokaryotes
What is photosynthesis?
When plants feed on CO2, H2O and light to carry out photosynthesis and produce glucose.
What is excretion?
Removal of waste products from metabolism and excess products of the body.
During respiration, the CO2 that were produced in the cells are removed by exhaling.
Why are waste products like urea and CO2 removed from the body?
It can accumulate in the body and cause poisoning.
Why are the removal of substances like extra salt and water excretion, but not the removal of feaces?
Feaces is not a product of metabolism.
What is respiration?
The release of energy from food substances (glucose) in all living cells at all times.
It occurs in the cells to release energy for muscle contractions, metabolism, mental activities and nerve impulse transmissions.
Organisms release energy in their cells to carry out the activity.
What is breathing?
Oxygen in body for respiration.
What types of respiration do you get?
Aerobic - oxygen
Anaerobic - no oxygen
What is sensitivity?
To detect changes in the environment and respond to it.
Plants respond to light, touch, gravity and water.
Animals respond to light, sound, touch, temperature.
Sensitivity is important for survival.
What is reproduction?
To produce similar offspring of the same species.
It is the fundamental law of nature that only a living thing can produce another living thing.
Asexual: Sexual:
One parent, one develop into a Two parents, the sperm and
New organism. Egg cell fuse together during
Fertilization.
What is growth?
The permanent increase in size and the amount of cells.
Animals - maturity
Plants - whole life
What is movement?
Change in place or position, it is controlled in a way so that only part of the organism moves.
Locomotory organs - locomotion
Leaves turn toward sun and roots grow down.
Movement also occurs in living cells.
What are the five kingdoms and why do they exist?
Prokaryotes (monera) Protoctista Fungi Plantae Animalia
These kingdoms exist so that scientists can divide living arganisms based on their similarities and differences.
How do scientists classify?
- Cell nr - unicellular or multicellular
- Cell type - prokaryotic (no nucleus) or eukaryotic (nucleus)
- Mode of nutrition - autotrophic, heterotrophic
- Cell wall present or absent - composition of cell wall: chitin, cellulose, peptidoglycan.
- Type of reproduction - asexual; sexual
- Motility
Classify prokaryotes.
- Unicellular
- Prokaryotic - no membrane bounded organelles
- Present - peptidoglycan
- Auto or hetero
- Asexual
- Move with aid of flagellum
Classify protoctista.
- Uni or multi
- Eukaryotic membrane bounded organelles
- Sometimes present - cellulose and silicia
- Auto or hetero
- Sexual asexual
- Move with flagellum, cilia or pseudopodia
Classify fungi.
- Uni or multi
- Eukaryotic - membrane bounded organelles
- Present - chitin
- Heterotrophic
- Sexual/asexual
- -
Classify plantae.
- Multi
- Eukaryotic - membrane bounded organelles
- Present - cellulose
- Autotrophic
- Sexual/asexual
- -
Classify Animalia.
- Multi
- Eukaryotic - membrane bounded organelles
- -
- Heter
- Sexual - some asexual
- Very motile
What is taxonomy?
Identification, naming, classification
What is hierarchical classification?
Levels and order
Why do we classify?
Identify, group, properly named Identify unknown Study easier ±100 million living organisms (excluded bacteria) Help keep track Communicate globally about organisms
