Chapter 6 Flashcards
Piaget’s theory
Intellectual development is biological, through experiences with environment 4 stages: Preoperational stage Concrete operational stage Formal operational stage
Preoperational stage
2nd stage
Age 2-7
Represent words with images and drawings
Not ready to perform operations
Symbolic function sub stage
Age 2-4
Child gains ability to mentally represent an object that is not present
Animism
Believe that an object have life like qualities
Egocentrism
Inability to distinguish between ones own perspective and that of someone else’s
Initiative thought substance
Age 4-7
Children begin using primitive reasoning/ want to know answers to all sort of questions
Centration
Focusing attention on ones characteristic to exclusion of all others
Conservation
Object of substand stays the same regardless of changing appearance ( water in bowl moves to cup )
Concrete operational stage
Age 7-11
Logical reasoning replaces initiative reasoning
Classification skills
Child understands one person can be father a brother and a grandson
Formal operational stage
Age 11 - adulthood
Logical thinking
Solves problems by trail and error
Ability to choose best way to solve a problem
Contributions
Piaget believed many important concepts helped children’s cognitive development
Criticism
some abilities emerge sooner or later than Piaget believed
Training education and culture can influence development
Vygotsky
Believed culture and social interaction guided development
Their cognitive development is advanced through social interaction with more skilled people
Zone of proximal development
Tasks too difficult for children to do on their own will be mastered with help from a more skilled person
