Chapter 6: 6.1 Lipids Flashcards
Describe:
Lipids
- Very diverse
- Insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents
- Can be divided into three main biological groups
State:
The 3 Main Biological Groups of Lipids
(Give examples)
- Storage Lipids (Triacylglycerols)
- Structural Lipids (Phospholipids, Sphingolipids, Glycolipids, Sterols)
- Signaling Lipids (Eicosanoids, Steroids)
What are fatty acids?
Building blocks for many different kinds of lipids
Describe:
Structure of Fatty Acids
Contains:
* A carboxylic acid group
* A carbon chain (2-22 carbons long)
* An additional methyl group at the end
What are the two forms of fatty acids?
- Saturated: Only single bonds
- Unsaturated: At least one double bond
What type of unsaturated fatty acids are there?
The double bond holds a:
* Cis conformation
* Trans conformation
Saturated fatty acids have been linked to…
Heart Problems
Trans-fatty acids are linked to…
Cardiovascular disease
True or False:
Fatty acids have to be linked together
False, they can remain individual as “Free Fatty Acids”
How can fatty acids be linked together?
- Linked together via ester bonds
- Remain individual as “Free Fatty Acids”
What are the two different ways of naming fatty acids?
- Structural
- Systematic (saturated and unsaturated naming schemes are different)
Describe and give example(s):
Structural Naming of Fatty Acids
[# C] : [# of Double Bonds] (Δ^position of double bonds)
* i.e. for an fatty acid with 18 carbon (no double bonds: 18:0
* i.e. the same fatty acid with two double bonds: 18:2 (Δ^6,8)
Describe and give example(s):
Systematic Naming of Saturated Fatty Acids
n-number of carbons-anoic acid
* i.e. for an fatty acid with 18 carbons: n-Octadecanoic acid
Describe and give example(s):
Systematic Naming of Unsaturated Fatty Acids
cis-position of carbon-enoic acid
* i.e. for fatty acid with 18 fatty acids and a single double bond: cis-6-octadecenoic acid
* i.e. for the same fatty acid with two double bonds: cis-6,8-octadecadienoic acid
What effect does the length of the carbon chain and number of double bonds have on the fatty acid?
- Longer the carbon chain, the higher the melting point of the fatty acid
- More double bonds, the lower the melting point of the fatty acid
State:
Relationship between membrane fluidity, unsaturated fatty acids, and melting temperatures
- A more fluid membrane = More unsaturated fatty acids = A lower melting temperature
- A less fluid membrane = Less unsaturated fatty acids = A higher melting temperature
Define:
Triacylglycerols (TAGs)
Energy reserves of the cell