Chapter 12: 12.2 Lipoproteins Flashcards
What is cholesterol important for?
Important for membranes, hormones, bile acids, and vitamin D3
What is cholesterol made from?
Acetyl-CoA
What is HMG-CoA reductase?
Produces mevalonate (major point of regulation in cholesterol production)
What can HMG-CoA reductase be inhibited by?
Phosphorylation
What are competitive inhibitors to HMG-CoA reductase?
Statins
What does HMG-CoA reductase need to for mevalonate?
2 NADPH
In the formation of cholesterol:
—— are used to form ——— units that join to form ——– (—)
- 3 ATPs
- Isoprene
- Squalene (C30)
In the formation of cholesterol:
Where is squalene cyclized to cholesterol?
ER
How many carbons are in cholesterol?
C27
What can be formed through modifications on the hydroxyl groups of cholesterol?
Cholesterol esters (CE)
* Acyl groups added
How is cholesterol transported and where is it transported?
Transported through the bloodstream via lipoprotein complexes
What results in heart attack or stroke?
Oxidized LDL found in arterial plaques
Exercise and diet can raise — and lower —
- Raise HDL
- Lower LDL
What is the purpose of lipoproteins?
- Transport lipids
- Travels through the bloodstream providing energy
What are lipoproteins made up of?
A monolayer of phospholipids, cholesterol, and apoproteins
