Chapter 6 Flashcards
Consciousness:
Moment to moment awareness of ourselves and the environment
What are some basic characteristics of consciousness?
- Subjective and private as others cannot know our reality
- Dynamic (ever-changing)
- Self reflective, the mind is aware of its own consciousness
Three Psychodynamic views?
- Conscious: Mental events we are currently aware of
- Preconscious: Outside of current awareness; easily recalled
- Unconscious: Not brought into conscious awareness under ordinary circumstances
Controlled processing:
Voluntary use of attention and conscious effort. This method is slower but more flexible to new methods of approaching problems.
Automatic processing:
Processes performed with little or no effort since the routine is well-learned. This also facilitates divided attentions which is the ability to perform more than one activity at the same time.
Visual Agnosia:
Inability to visually recognize objects, even simple ones.
Circadian Rhythms:
Biological cycles within the body that occur on a 24 hour cycle. Is regulated by the Suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) located in the hypothalamus
Melatonin:
Hormone that has a relaxing effect on the body promoting sleepiness.
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD):
Disorder in which depressive symptoms appears or worsen during certain seasons of the year and then improve during the other seasons
Describe and list the 4 stages of sleep.
Stage 1: As sleep begins, your brain-wave pattern becomes more irregular and slower theta waves increase. Only last a few minutes.
Stage 2: Muscles become more relaxed and sleep spindles form 1-2 second bursts of rapid brain-wave activity. Breathing and heart rate are slower.
Stage 3: Sleep deepens and very slow and large delta waves occur more often.
Stage 4: Delta waves dominate pattern and you become hard to awaken. This stage lasts for 20-30 minutes.
REM sleep: (Rapid Eye Movement)
A recurring sleep stage of that increases physiological arousal, paralysis of the voluntary muscle, and a high rate of dreaming. Length of REM sleep increases as night progresses.
What does the Restoration Model state?
- Sleep recharges our body and
- allows us to recover from physical and metal fatigue
Insomnia:
The chronic difficulty in falling asleep, staying asleep, or experiencing restful sleep.
Narcolepsy:
Sudden loss of muscle tone and is genetic. Causes extreme daytime sleepiness and sudden, uncontrollable sleep attacks
REM-sleep behaviour disorder (RBD):
The loss of muscle tone causes normal REM sleep paralysis to be absent causing sleeper to act out dreams.
Sleep Apnea:
Repeated cycle in which breathing stop and restarts during sleep. Cause is most commonly an obstruction of upper airway.
Nightmares:
Frightening dreams that occurs during REM sleep most often
Night Terrors:
Frightening dreams that arouse sleeper to a nearpanic stat, most common during childhood
What is the difference between Agonists drugs and antagonists drugs?
Agonistic drugs increase neurotransmitter activity while antagonistic drugs inhibit or decrease neurotransmitter activity
Tolerance:
Condition where increasingly larger doses of a drug are required to produce the same level of bodily response. This is caused by the bodies compensatory responses which produce reactions opposite to that of the drug in attempt to achieve homeostasis
Withdrawal:
The occurrence of compensatory responses after frug use is discontinued causing a person to experience physiological reactions opposite to those that had been produced by the drug
Depressants:
Decrease nervous system activity and feelings of tension and anxiety e.g. alcohol and tranquilizers
Stimulants:
Increase neural firing and arouse the nervous system. They increase blood pressure,respiration, heart rate, and overall alertness.
What do Amphetamines do?
Increases dopamine and norepinephrine levels. Heavy us can produce amphetamine psychosis.
Ecstasy:
Gives feelings of pleasure, elation, empathy, and warmth because of its interference with serotonin reuptake.
Cocaine and Crack:
Blocks reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine and can cause fever convulsions, hallucinations, and delusions. Crack increases effects and is more intense
What do opiates do?
Binds to receptors activated by endorphins to produce pain relief and mood changes, but is highly addictive and causes a traumatic withdrawal.
Hallucinogens:
These are powerful mind altering drugs that produce hallucinations and most come from natural sources.
