Chapter 3 Part 2

Question 1

Brain Stem:

Answer 1

Portion of the brain formed by the swelling of the spinal cord as it enters the skull; its structures regulate basic survival functions of the body e.g heart rate, respiration

Question 2

Medulla:

Answer 2

Regulated vital functions such as breathing an circulation

Question 3

Pons (bridge)

Answer 3

Carries nerve impulses between higher and lowers levels of the nervous system, also involved in sleep and arousal

Question 4

Cerebellum:

Answer 4

Coordinated fine muscle movement, balance, as well as learning and memory

Question 5

Reticular formation:

Answer 5

Group of fibres that carries stimulation related to sleep and arousal through brain stem. Acts as a gatekeeper either blocking or allowing messages to higher regions of the brain.

Question 6

Cerebrum:

Answer 6

Sensing, thinking, learning, emotion, consciousness, and voluntary movement

Question 7

Thalamus:

Answer 7

Relay centre for incoming sensory information

Question 8

Basal ganglia:

Answer 8

Five distinct figures that group around the thalamus. Critical for voluntary motor control

Question 9

Hypothalamus:

Answer 9

Regulates basic biological needs: hunger, thirst, temperature control.

Question 10

Limbic system:

Answer 10

Helps coordinate behaviours needed to satisfy motivational and emotional urges that arise in the hypothalamus

Question 11

Hippocampus:

Answer 11

Involved in forming and retrieving memories.

Question 12

Amygdala:

Answer 12

Organizes emotional response patterns particularly aggression and fear.

Question 13

Nucleus accumbens:

Answer 13

Involved in motivation and reward

Question 14

Corpus Callosum:

Answer 14

Bridge of fibres passing information between the two cerebral hemispheres allowing them to function as a single unit

Question 15

Pituitary gland:

Answer 15

Master gland that regulates other endocrine glands

Question 16

Motor Cortex:

Answer 16

Controls movement of over 600 voluntary muscles on the opposite side of the body

Question 17

Somatic Sensory Cortex:

Answer 17

Receives specific sense information from opposite sides of the body. There is one specific area for each sense.

Question 18

Wernicke’s Area:

Answer 18

Involved in language comprehension and is located in the temporal lobe

Question 19

Broca’s Area:

Answer 19

Necessary for normal speech production

Question 20

How do Wernicke’s and Broca’s area’s work together

Answer 20

Input is sent from the ears to the auditory cortex and is routed to Wernicke’s area for comprehension. Nerve impulses are then sent from Wernicke’s area to the motor cortex resulting in the mouthing of a verbal response.

Question 21

Association Cortex:

Answer 21

This is found within each lobe as it makes up 75% of the human brain processing higher level functions such as language, perception, and thought.

Question 22

Frontal Lobes:

Answer 22

Site of qualities such as self-awareness, planning, initiative, responsibility, and emotional experience. The prefrontal cortex specifically executes functions like goal settings, judgment, and planning

Question 23

Lateralization:

Answer 23

The greater localization of a function in one hemisphere or the other.

Question 24

Aphasia:

Answer 24

When Broca’s or Wernicke’s areas are damaged it results in the loss of the ability to communicate

Question 25

What do the left and right hemisphere do?

Answer 25

Left Hemisphere contains verbal and logical abilities as well as positive emotions. The right hemisphere recognizes spatial relations and melodies and produces negative emotions

Question 26

Neural plasticity:

Answer 26

The ability of neurons to change in structure and function