Chapter 6

Question 1

_________: focused on uncertainty in life and angst (word with a meaning between the English words dread and anxiety)… it is this angst that
causes people to stop sleepwalking through life as people create themselves.

Answer 1

Soren Kierkegaard

Question 2

________: developed phenomenological existentialism

Answer 2

Martin Heidegger

Question 3

_______ states that we exist
“in the world” and should not try to think of ourselves as beings apart from the world into which we are thrown); moods and feelings reflect understanding on whether people are living authentically or inauthentically constructing life around the expectations of others; Living authentically implies: 1. Being true to our own evaluation of what constitutes a meaningful
existence 2. Accepting responsibility for the fact that we create our lives by the choices we make

Answer 3

phenomenological existentialism

Question 4

_______ called excuses “bad faith.”

Answer 4

Sartre

Question 5

Freedom is hard to face, so we tend to invent an excuse by saying, “I can’t change now because of my past conditioning.”Satre would say this is an example of _______.

Answer 5

bad faith

Question 6

emotional problems occur when people fail to acknowledge freedom and choices;
excuses for why people didn’t change are termed ______; to choose is to become committed; example: “Of course I’m this way, look at my parents,”

Answer 6

bad faith

Question 7

bad faith refers to leading an _________.

Answer 7

inauthentic existence

Question 8

Philosophically, the ________ would agree that:
1. The final decisions and choices rest with the client 2. People redefine themselves by their choices 3. A person can go beyond early conditioning 4. Making choices can create anxiety

Answer 8

existentialist

Question 9

Four Prominent Developers in Contemporary Existential Psychotherapy:

Answer 9

Viktor Frankl,
Rollo May,
James Bugental
Irvin Yalom

Question 10

“He who has a why to live for can bear with almost any how”

Answer 10

Viktor Frankl

Question 11

1. Developed logotherapy (therapy through meaning) where he sheds
   light on what it means to be fully alive 2. Central themes: life has meaning; the central motivation for living is the will to meaning; the freedom to find meaning in all that one thinks; and the integration of body, mind, and spirit 3. Challenges clients to find meaning through suffering, work, and love and other things

Answer 11

Viktor Frankl

Question 12

Wrote Existential Psychotherapy

Answer 12

Irvin Yalom

Question 13

Focuses on four ultimate human concerns: death; freedom; existential isolation; and meaninglessness

Answer 13

Irvin Yalom

Question 14

The basic goals of existential theory are:

Answer 14

to expand self-awareness,
to increase choice potentials,
to help clients accept the responsibility of choosing, and
to help the client experience authentic existence

Question 15

Our _______ goes hand and hand and requires us to accept responsibility for directing our own life and we are free to choose who we will be

Answer 15

freedom and responsibility

Question 16

_____ implies that we are responsible for our lives, for our actions, and for our failures to take action.

Answer 16

Freedom

Question 17

_________ – being aware of having evaded a commitment, or having chosen not to choose (which means – the person does not live authentically; allowing others to define us or to make choices for us)

Answer 17

Existential guilt

Question 18

People are condemned to ______ and have a commitment to choose for self

Answer 18

freedom

Question 19

Freedom and Responsibility go hand in hand; so, clients must accept responsibility or there will be no ______.

Answer 19

profit from therapy

Question 20

Although people are not free from conditions, they are free to ___________.

Answer 20

take a stand against these restrictions

Question 21

Therapist assist clients in discovering how they are ________ and encourage them to risk using it.

Answer 21

avoiding freedom

Question 22

Relatedness to other human beings can be therapeutic if balanced with _________.

Answer 22

aloneness.

Question 23

the courage to be was coined by

Answer 23

Paul Tillich

Question 24

_________ involved being aware of our finite nature gives people an appreciation of ultimate concerns

Answer 24

The courage to be

Question 25

The __________ involves the following issues: discarding old values, meaninglessness, creating our own value system, and the struggle for significance in life

Answer 25

search for meaning

Question 26

Existential therapists can provide the conceptual framework for helping clients challenge the meaning in their lives, and thus ________.

Answer 26

search for meaning

Question 27

Existential therapy is best considered as an experimental approach to __________.

Answer 27

understanding humans

Question 28

expanding _________ is a basic goal of therapy.

Answer 28

awareness

Question 29

The central issue in therapy is ____________.

Answer 29

freedom and responsibility

Question 30

Part of the therapist’s function and role is that they be a

________ for the client to be used in various ways.

Answer 30

companion

Question 31

1. Have no stable techniques and they are guided by the uniqueness of each client 2. It stresses the I/Thou encounter in the therapy process 3. It focuses on the use of the therapist’s self as the core of therapy4. It allows for incorporation of techniques from many other approaches

Answer 31

existential therapy

Question 32

_________ is best considered as an invitation to clients to recognize the ways in which they are not living fully authentic lives and to make choices that will lead to their becoming what they are capable of being. An aim of therapy is to assist clients in moving toward authenticity and learning to recognize when they are deceiving themselves. It aims at helping clients face anxiety and engage in action that is based on the authentic purpose of creating a worthy existence.

Answer 32

Existential therapy

Question 33

Therapists must first have a depth and openness in their own lives before they
venture into the client’s lives, and this venture into the lives of clients may change the therapist’s personal life as well .
TRUE or FALSE

Answer 33

True (existential therapy)

Question 34

________ has three phases of counseling: 1. Initial phase: counselors assist clients in identifying and clarifying their assumptions about the world and examine values and beliefs a. Therapist encourages client to examine client’s role in creating
their problems in living
2. Middle phase: clients are encouraged to more fully examine the source and authority of their present value system 3. Final phase: helping clients take what they are learning about themselves and put it into action

Answer 34

existential therapy

Question 35

Aim of therapy: find ways of implementing client’s ________________ in a concrete way.

Answer 35

examined

and internalized values

Question 36

Existential therapy is especially appropriate for clients struggling with ________, doing grief/loss work, confronting death, or facing a significant decision

Answer 36

developmental crisis

Question 37

Strength of existential therapy is its focus on available choices and pathways toward _______.

Answer 37

personal growth

Question 38

Existential therapy is best suited for clients who are committed to dealing with their problems about living, who feel alienated from the current expectations of society, those who are searching for meaning in their lives, those who are experiencing a lack of identity, or those on the _______.

Answer 38

edge of existence

Question 39

Existentialists are excessively ________ and they ignore the social factors that cause human problems (ie: if someone’s circumstances truly are limited)

Answer 39

individualistic

Question 40

Some clients may experience a deep sense of frustration and feelings of powerlessness when it comes to making changes outside of themselves, such as the external realities of racism, discrimination, and oppression … if therapists continue to push the idea that the client has the power to change, the client may feel patronized and _____.

Answer 40

misunderstood

Question 41

Existential therapy is highly focused on the philosophical assumption of __________, which doesn’t account for the complex factors that many
people who have been oppressed must deal with

Answer 41

self-determination

Question 42

Clients get a lack of direction from the therapist and _____ are responsible for determining where therapy goes

Answer 42

clients

Question 43

The view that death is a positive force because it gives __________.

Answer 43

meaning to living.

Question 44

Since few techniques are generated by this theory, therapists must develop their own innovative procedures to ____________.

Answer 44

borrow from other schools of therapy