Chapter 4 Flashcards
Biological component of personality, Untamed drives or impulse
1. What is available at birth and is the primary sources of psychic energy and instincts 2. Functions to discharge tension immediately 3. Ruled by the pleasure principle – aims to reduce tension, avoid pain, and gain pleasure, it is illogical, amoral 4. Unconscious; thus it does not think, but merely acts or wishes
ID
psychological component of personality
1. Governs, controls, and regulates the personality 2. The main function is to mediates between the instincts and surrounding environment 3. Ruled by the reality principle – thinks realistically and logically while formulating plans of action to satisfy needs 4. Keeps the id in check to control blind impulses, “traffic cop” “executive of the physic estate” 5. John has an impulse to drink excessively when he is around alcohol. Consequently he turned down a job to manage a liquor store. This represents the ego’s control over his decision.
Ego
Social component of personality
- Judicial branch of the person that enforces the moral code (what is good or bad) 2. Strives for perfection and represents the ideal rather than the real
- Inhibits id impulses and persuades the ego to attain moral goals 4. It is the internalization of the standards of parents and society, in other words it represents the traditional values and ideals of society which are passed on from parents to children 5. Rewards: pride and self-love, Punishment guilt and inferiority 6. E.g. Someone feels guilty whenever she or he considers taking a day off from work for personal reasons. The guilt is coming from the superego.
Superego
Humans are _______ and using energy in one aspect of personality decreases the energy for the other two personality aspects
energy systems
Unconscious is inferred from _______ because it cannot be studied directly. Clinical evidence for postulating the unconscious includes: dreams, slips of the tongue, post-hypnotic suggestions, free-association material, projective techniques material, and symbolic content of psychotic symptoms
behavior
What are the 3 kinds of anxiety?
Reality Anxiety
Neurotic Anxiety
Moral Anxiety
fear that instincts will get out of hand and cause the individual to do something that they will be punished for (Id). An example is an individual that is afraid he or she will not be able to control his or her instincts and will behave inappropriately.
Neurotic Anxiety
fear of danger from the external world that is proportionate to the degree of the real threat
Reality Anxiety
fear of one’s own conscience (Superego)
Moral Anxiety
The ________ helps the individual cope with anxiety and prevent the ego being overwhelmed
ego defense mechanism
The ego defense mechanism can be helpful as long as the person ______________.
doesn’t adopt them as a lifestyle
What are the two Common Characteristics of the ego defense mechanism:
- Either deny or distort reality 2. Operate on an unconscious level
Threatening or painful thoughts and feelings are excluded
from awareness.
Repression
Although painful events are repressed, they still influence
_______.
behavior
_____ distorts what the individual thinks, feels, or perceives in a traumatic situation and generally operates at preconscious and conscious levels. An example is a person who manages their anxiety by distorting reality and failing to acknowledging painful events.
denial
Defense against a threatening impulse in which the person actively expressed the opposite impulse
Reaction Formation
person conceals hate with love, masks cruelty
with excessive kindness is an example of ________.
reaction formation
A person who unconsciously exhibits overly nice behavior to conceal hostile feelings is an example of ____.
reaction formation
The individual attributes to others his/her own desires, qualities, traits, and impulses that are unacceptable to his/her own ego
Projection
Individual directs energy or impulses from a threatening object/person to a safer object/person.
Displacement
Helps people justify specific behaviors or actions;
aka, gives them “good” reasons to explain away a bruised ego, or to
explain away failures or losses
rationalization
Person diverts or redirects sexual or aggressive energy into other areas of life that are generally more socially acceptable, such
as creative behaviors
Sublimination
Going back or reverting to less mature stages of development where the demands were fewer
Regression
Swallowing the values and standards of others. For
example a young adult who adopts his parent’s outdated political
beliefs to avoid unpleasant feelings of anxiety.
Introjection
People can identify themselves with a particular type/group of others to enhance self-worth and protect themselves
identification
People mask perceived weaknesses or develop certain positive traits to make up for limitations.
compensation
name the 11 Common ego-defenses
repression denial reaction formation projection displacement rationalization sublimation regression introjection identification compensation
Refers to the irrational reactions therapist have toward their clients. This happens when there is inappropriate affect, therapists respond in irrational ways, or therapists looses objectivity in the relationship because of personal conflicts that are triggered
Countertransference
_____ occurs when the therapeutic relationship stirs up unconscious conflicts in the counselor that mess up objectivity b.
countertransference
countertransference is not always negative; it is positive in that it can help the therapist ____________.
understand the client’s world if it is explored in analysis
Allows for uncovering the unconscious because defenses are down during sleep where some motivations are disguised by symbolism because they are unacceptable to the person and also provide understanding of client’s current functioning
Dream Analysis
What are the two Levels of Content in dream analysis?
Latent content
manifest content
________ consists of hidden, symbolic, and unconscious motives, wishes, and fears.
Latent Content
__________ how the dream appears to the dreamer
Manifest Content
______ is a process where latent content is transformed into less
threatening manifest content
Dream Work
During dream analysis, Clients report their dreams and are encouraged to _______ to the elements of the dream.
free associate
______, a concept fundamental to the practice of psychoanalysis, is anything that works against the progress of therapy and prevents the client from producing previously unconscious material.
Resistance
The unwillingness of a client to freely share with the analyst certain thoughts and feelings is an example of _____.
resistance
resistance is a Fundamental and inevitable part of psychoanalytic therapy that needs to be _____________.
analyzed and interpreted
