Chapter 4

Question 1

Biological component of personality, Untamed drives or impulse
1. What is available at birth and is the primary sources of psychic energy and instincts 2. Functions to discharge tension immediately 3. Ruled by the pleasure principle – aims to reduce tension, avoid pain, and gain pleasure, it is illogical, amoral 4. Unconscious; thus it does not think, but merely acts or wishes

Answer 1

ID

Question 2

psychological component of personality
1. Governs, controls, and regulates the personality 2. The main function is to mediates between the instincts and surrounding environment 3. Ruled by the reality principle – thinks realistically and logically while formulating plans of action to satisfy needs 4. Keeps the id in check to control blind impulses, “traffic cop” “executive of the physic estate” 5. John has an impulse to drink excessively when he is around alcohol. Consequently he turned down a job to manage a liquor store. This represents the ego’s control over his decision.

Answer 2

Ego

Question 3

Social component of personality

1. Judicial branch of the person that enforces the moral code (what is good or bad) 2. Strives for perfection and represents the ideal rather than the real
2. Inhibits id impulses and persuades the ego to attain moral goals 4. It is the internalization of the standards of parents and society, in other words it represents the traditional values and ideals of society which are passed on from parents to children 5. Rewards: pride and self-love, Punishment guilt and inferiority 6. E.g. Someone feels guilty whenever she or he considers taking a day off from work for personal reasons. The guilt is coming from the superego.

Answer 3

Superego

Question 4

Humans are _______ and using energy in one aspect of personality decreases the energy for the other two personality aspects

Answer 4

energy systems

Question 5

Unconscious is inferred from _______ because it cannot be studied directly. Clinical evidence for postulating the unconscious includes: dreams, slips of the tongue, post-hypnotic suggestions, free-association material, projective techniques material, and symbolic content of psychotic symptoms

Answer 5

behavior

Question 6

What are the 3 kinds of anxiety?

Answer 6

Reality Anxiety
Neurotic Anxiety
Moral Anxiety

Question 7

fear that instincts will get out of hand and cause the individual to do something that they will be punished for (Id). An example is an individual that is afraid he or she will not be able to control his or her instincts and will behave inappropriately.

Answer 7

Neurotic Anxiety

Question 8

fear of danger from the external world that is proportionate to the degree of the real threat

Answer 8

Reality Anxiety

Question 9

fear of one’s own conscience (Superego)

Answer 9

Moral Anxiety

Question 10

The ________ helps the individual cope with anxiety and prevent the ego being overwhelmed

Answer 10

ego defense mechanism

Question 11

The ego defense mechanism can be helpful as long as the person ______________.

Answer 11

doesn’t adopt them as a lifestyle

Question 12

What are the two Common Characteristics of the ego defense mechanism:

Answer 12

1. Either deny or distort reality 2. Operate on an unconscious level

Question 13

Threatening or painful thoughts and feelings are excluded

from awareness.

Answer 13

Repression

Question 14

Although painful events are repressed, they still influence

_______.

Answer 14

behavior

Question 15

_____ distorts what the individual thinks, feels, or perceives in a traumatic situation and generally operates at preconscious and conscious levels. An example is a person who manages their anxiety by distorting reality and failing to acknowledging painful events.

Answer 15

denial

Question 16

Defense against a threatening impulse in which the person actively expressed the opposite impulse

Answer 16

Reaction Formation

Question 17

person conceals hate with love, masks cruelty

with excessive kindness is an example of ________.

Answer 17

reaction formation

Question 18

A person who unconsciously exhibits overly nice behavior to conceal hostile feelings is an example of ____.

Answer 18

reaction formation

Question 19

The individual attributes to others his/her own desires, qualities, traits, and impulses that are unacceptable to his/her own ego

Answer 19

Projection

Question 20

Individual directs energy or impulses from a threatening object/person to a safer object/person.

Answer 20

Displacement

Question 21

Helps people justify specific behaviors or actions;
aka, gives them “good” reasons to explain away a bruised ego, or to
explain away failures or losses

Answer 21

rationalization

Question 22

Person diverts or redirects sexual or aggressive energy into other areas of life that are generally more socially acceptable, such
as creative behaviors

Answer 22

Sublimination

Question 23

Going back or reverting to less mature stages of development where the demands were fewer

Answer 23

Regression

Question 24

Swallowing the values and standards of others. For
example a young adult who adopts his parent’s outdated political
beliefs to avoid unpleasant feelings of anxiety.

Answer 24

Introjection

Question 25

People can identify themselves with a particular type/group of others to enhance self-worth and protect themselves

Answer 25

identification

Question 26

People mask perceived weaknesses or develop certain positive traits to make up for limitations.

Answer 26

compensation

Question 27

name the 11 Common ego-defenses

Answer 27

repression
denial 
reaction formation
projection 
displacement
rationalization
sublimation
regression
introjection
identification
compensation

Question 28

Refers to the irrational reactions therapist have toward their clients. This happens when there is inappropriate affect, therapists respond in irrational ways, or therapists looses objectivity in the relationship because of personal conflicts that are triggered

Answer 28

Countertransference

Question 29

_____ occurs when the therapeutic relationship stirs up unconscious conflicts in the counselor that mess up objectivity b.

Answer 29

countertransference

Question 30

countertransference is not always negative; it is positive in that it can help the therapist ____________.

Answer 30

understand the client’s world if it is explored in analysis

Question 31

Allows for uncovering the unconscious because defenses are down during sleep where some motivations are disguised by symbolism because they are unacceptable to the person and also provide understanding of client’s current functioning

Answer 31

Dream Analysis

Question 32

What are the two Levels of Content in dream analysis?

Answer 32

Latent content

manifest content

Question 33

________ consists of hidden, symbolic, and unconscious motives, wishes, and fears.

Answer 33

Latent Content

Question 34

__________ how the dream appears to the dreamer

Answer 34

Manifest Content

Question 35

______ is a process where latent content is transformed into less
threatening manifest content

Answer 35

Dream Work

Question 36

During dream analysis, Clients report their dreams and are encouraged to _______ to the elements of the dream.

Answer 36

free associate

Question 37

______, a concept fundamental to the practice of psychoanalysis, is anything that works against the progress of therapy and prevents the client from producing previously unconscious material.

Answer 37

Resistance

Question 38

The unwillingness of a client to freely share with the analyst certain thoughts and feelings is an example of _____.

Answer 38

resistance

Question 39

resistance is a Fundamental and inevitable part of psychoanalytic therapy that needs to be _____________.

Answer 39

analyzed and interpreted