Chapter 5

Question 1

Alfred Adler’s brother was _________, and their relationship was very strained.

Answer 1

Sigmund Freud

Question 2

Adler’s (1927/1959) ______was the first major psychology book to sell hundreds of thousands of copies in the United States.

Answer 2

Understanding Human Nature

Question 3

_______ was sick for the majority of his childhood, he decided to become a physician. He struggled with jealousy and inferiority and ended up shaping his life against the expectations of others. He founded many clinics in Vienna and was a renowned speaker.

Answer 3

Alfred Adler

Question 4

Adler split off from Freud after 8 to 10 years (known as neo-Freudian) and founded the ____________ in 1912

Answer 4

Society for Individual Psychology

Question 5

Adler had a ________ and _______(goal-oriented) view of human nature.

Answer 5

Adler had a social-psychological and teleological (goal-oriented) view of human nature

Question 6

Adler stresses that people can only be understood as an integrated and complete being and where people ___________________.

Answer 6

are going is more important than where they came from

Question 7

________, after Adler’s death, is significant for bringing Adlerian therapy to America

Answer 7

Dreikurs

Question 8

________ are a normal part of life and can be the wellspring of creativity because it drives people to strive for mastery (superiority) and success (completion)

Answer 8

Inferiority feelings

Question 9

__________: Relying on our human abilities and recognizing that they are insufficient.

Answer 9

Vulnerability:

Question 10

Adler believed that what people are born with is not as important as what they _______________

Answer 10

choose to do with the abilities and limitations they possess

Question 11

Adler was the first _______– it is essential to understand people within the systems of which they are a part (family, society, etc)

Answer 11

systematic therapist

Question 12

The _______ is where the counselor pays attention to the individual way that people perceive their world, or the client’s subjective reality

Answer 12

Phenomenological approach

Question 13

__________ includes the person’s perceptions, thoughts, feelings,
values, beliefs, convictions, and conclusions and it is used to explain
the client’s behavior

Answer 13

Subjective reality

Question 14

___________ is less important than how the individual interprets reality and the meanings attached to experiences

Answer 14

Objective reality

Question 15

__________(or guiding self-ideal or goal of perfection): refers to an imagined central goal that guides a person’s behavior.

Answer 15

Fictional Finalism

Question 16

Adler stresses the _________, contending that people can only be understood as integrated and complete beings.

Answer 16

unity of personality

Question 17

When people strive for goals that have meaning to them, they develop a ________, which is why behaviors in an individual are consistent. This unique lifestyle influences everything the client does

Answer 17

unique style of life

Question 18

When Adler spoke of ________, he referred to the unique way we develop our own style of striving for competence

Answer 18

individuality

Question 19

____________(Gemeinschaftsgefühl) are probably Adler’s most significant and distinctive concepts (Ansbacher, 1992). These terms refer to individuals’ awareness of being part of the human community and to individuals’ attitudes in dealing with the social world.

Answer 19

Social interest and community feeling

Question 20

_________ is the action line of one’s community feeling, and it involves being as concerned about others as one is about onself. This concept involves the capacity to cooperate and contribute. It requires that we have enough contact with the present to make a move toward a meaningful future, that we are willing to give and to take, and that we develop our capacity for contributing to the welfare of others and striving for the betterment of humanity.

Answer 20

social interest

Question 21

_________ includes striving for a better future for all humans

Answer 21

Social Interest

Question 22

______ involves finding a place in society and obtaining a sense of belonging and contributing and identifying and empathy with others

Answer 22

social interest

Question 23

Social interest refers to an individual’s _____ in dealing with the social world, it’s
a sense of identification and empathy with others.

Answer 23

attitude

Question 24

Social interest involves being as concerned about others as _________.

Answer 24

one is about oneself

Question 25

Central indicator of mental health ________________ (formula) because feelings of inferiority and alienation diminish.

Answer 25

Social interest = mental health

Question 26

Individual Psychology rest on a central belief that our happiness and success are largely related to this social connectedness, we cannot be understood in _________.

Answer 26

isolation from social context

Question 27

People must successfully master 5 tasks:

Answer 27

(1) Social task: build friendships
b. (2) Love-marriage task: establish intimacy c. (3) Occupational task (work): contribute to society d. (2 more tasks that Dreikurs and Mosak added are: i. (4) Acceptance (getting along with self) and
ii. (5) Spiritual dimension

Question 28

Dysfunction in any one of the 5 tasks often indicates a __________.

Answer 28

psychological disorder

Question 29

What are the Five Psychological Birth Positions?

Answer 29

A. Oldest
B. Second of only two 
C. Middle
D. Youngest 
E. Only

Question 30

high achievement drive; may not share/cooperate; deals with adults; generally pampered by and tied to parents; likely to demand center stage; tends to have difficulties in life when he or she is no longer the center of attention; likely to become dependently tired to the mother

Answer 30

Only

Question 31

– often feels left out/life is unfair; may be peacemaker; may be problem child; tends to feel squeezed out and may develop a conviction that life is unfair and a feeling of being cheated

Answer 31

Middle

Question 32

– pampered child; tends to get his/her way; develop in ways others have not considered

Answer 32

Youngest

Question 33

– receives much attention; hard-working and dependable; may believe that younger sibling will rob him/her
of love

Answer 33

Oldest

Question 34

– very active (perhaps to pass the older sibling); find’s older sibling’s weaknesses and gets praised for failing in these weaknesses of the other; opposite of the first

Answer 34

Second of only 2

Question 35

How do birth positions influence adulthood?

Answer 35

Influences adulthood because of how the child learned to relate to others (which goes into adulthood)

Question 36

involves our convictions and beliefs that get in the way of social interest and that do not facilitate useful, constructive belonging.

Answer 36

Private logic

Question 37

Clients’ problems arise because the conclusions based on their ______ often do not conform to the requirements of social living.

Answer 37

private logic

Question 38

_________1. provides a central psychological unity for us 2. It is the philosophy that we base our lifestyle on 3. It often does not conform with the reality of social lifestyle 4. It is the concepts about self, others, and life that constitute the philosophy that the individual’s lifestyle is based on 5. Client problems are due to differences between this and requirements of social living 6. Clients need to learn to correct faulty assumptions and conclusions

Answer 38

private logic

Question 39

Therapeutic Techniques and Procedures *the phases (or stages) are not rigid, they are:

Answer 39

1) Establishing the Therapeutic Relationship, (2) Exploring the Individual’s Psychological Dynamics, (3) Encourage Self-Understanding and Insight, and (4) Reorientation and Reeducation.

Question 40

Techniques in counseling are geared to the __________ and the needs of the client.

Answer 40

phase of therapy

Question 41

_______ has created Alderian Brief Therapy (ABT)

Answer 41

Dreikers

Question 42

Relationship is key: based on caring, involvement, and friendship 1. Created by listening, responding, demonstrate respect, and exhibit
faith, hope, and caring 2. Therapists help client gain self-worth while decreasing discouragement by providing support 3. Encouragement is very important; Client must deal with personal issues that are significant and be willing to explore and change. Adlerians fit techniques to the needs of the client (which are mainly attending and listening with empathy, following client’s subjective experiences,identifying and clarifying goals, and suggesting initial hunches for this phase.

Answer 42

Phase 1: Establishing the Therapeutic Relationship

Question 43

The Counselor’s function for ________: provide a wide-angle perspective that will eventually help the client view his/her world differently

Answer 43

Phase 1: Establishing the Therapeutic Relationship

Question 44

The aim of the ________ of Adlerian counseling is to get a deeper understanding of an individual’s lifestyle.

Answer 44

second phase: Exploring the Individual’s Dynamics, Analysis and Assessment

Question 45

This assessment phase proceeds from two interview forms:

Answer 45

the subjective interview and the objective interview.

Question 46

Counselors also use ________ (counselor seeks to discover
information about: how problems in the client’s life began; any precipitating events; medical history; social history; reasons why client chose therapy now; client’s coping with life tasks; and lifestyle assessment)

Answer 46

objective interviews

Question 47

Counselors use _________ (counselor helps client tell his/her story
as completely as possible and extracts patterns in the person’s life, develops hypothesis about what works for the client, and determines what accounts for the various concerns of client’s life)

Answer 47

subjective interviews

Question 48

during the subjective interview, __________ is used to gain information about the client’s
purpose symptoms, actions, and difficulties

Answer 48

“The Question”

Question 49

During the subjective interview, Therapist ask about the ________ in order to discover goals and motivations, reveal beliefs and basic mistakes, and to gain clues as to the development of the client’s lifestyle

Answer 49

earliest recollections

Question 50

People’s interpretations are most important to remember 2. Lifestyle assessments seeks to: develop a holistic narrative of the person’s life; make sense of the way the person copes with life tasks; and uncover the private interpretations and logic involved with that coping.
These are important parts of

Answer 50

the objective interview

Question 51

family of origin has a central impact on the individual’s personality (includes client’s evaluation of the family atmosphere, interactions between siblings and parents, the child’s psychological position in the family, parental relationship, family values, extended family, and culture)

Answer 51

Family Constellation

Question 52

Hidden goals and purposes of behavior must be understood to gain insight (a special form of awareness that facilitates a meaningful understanding within the therapeutic relationship and acts as a foundation to change) ii. Counselors use disclosure and well-timed interpretations to help with insight that focus on present behavior and expectations and anticipations that arise from one’s intentionsiii. Interpretations are presented as hunches that are open-ended (which lets the client disagree if desired) that lead to client awareness, Open-ended Interpretations.
Part of phase ________

Answer 52

Phase 3: Encouraging Insight (self understanding)

Question 53

i. Clients put insights into action as counselor encourages client to take risks, make changes, and seek new alternatives ii. Often, clients need not make significant changes, but be reoriented to the useful side of life, which involves a sense of belonging and value, an interest in others and their welfare, courage, acceptance of imperfection, confidence, humor, a willingness to contribute to society, and an outgoing friendliness (Useless side = self-absorption, withdrawn from life tasks, self-protection, or acts against others) iii. Encouragement is the most important intervention because Adlerians believe that discouragement is the basic condition that prevents people from functioning and discouragement can be overcome by encouragement iv. Encouragement Process: building courage by developing an awareness of strengths, belonging, and hope with a vision of new possibilities 1. Adlerians use a variety of cognitive, behavioral, and experiential techniques to help clients identify and challenge discouragement, because discouragement prevents people from functioning 2. Forms of Encouragement: phase 1  mutual respect; phase 2 clients recognize they have control; phase 4 
Part of phase ____.

Answer 53

Phase 4: Helping with Reorientation and Reeducations

Question 54

_______ use encouragement, challenges, confrontation, and tentative interpretations to examine client mistaken goals and faulty assumptions

Answer 54

Adlerian therapist