Chapter 5 Flashcards
Alfred Adler’s brother was _________, and their relationship was very strained.
Sigmund Freud
Adler’s (1927/1959) ______was the first major psychology book to sell hundreds of thousands of copies in the United States.
Understanding Human Nature
_______ was sick for the majority of his childhood, he decided to become a physician. He struggled with jealousy and inferiority and ended up shaping his life against the expectations of others. He founded many clinics in Vienna and was a renowned speaker.
Alfred Adler
Adler split off from Freud after 8 to 10 years (known as neo-Freudian) and founded the ____________ in 1912
Society for Individual Psychology
Adler had a ________ and _______(goal-oriented) view of human nature.
Adler had a social-psychological and teleological (goal-oriented) view of human nature
Adler stresses that people can only be understood as an integrated and complete being and where people ___________________.
are going is more important than where they came from
________, after Adler’s death, is significant for bringing Adlerian therapy to America
Dreikurs
________ are a normal part of life and can be the wellspring of creativity because it drives people to strive for mastery (superiority) and success (completion)
Inferiority feelings
__________: Relying on our human abilities and recognizing that they are insufficient.
Vulnerability:
Adler believed that what people are born with is not as important as what they _______________
choose to do with the abilities and limitations they possess
Adler was the first _______– it is essential to understand people within the systems of which they are a part (family, society, etc)
systematic therapist
The _______ is where the counselor pays attention to the individual way that people perceive their world, or the client’s subjective reality
Phenomenological approach
__________ includes the person’s perceptions, thoughts, feelings,
values, beliefs, convictions, and conclusions and it is used to explain
the client’s behavior
Subjective reality
___________ is less important than how the individual interprets reality and the meanings attached to experiences
Objective reality
__________(or guiding self-ideal or goal of perfection): refers to an imagined central goal that guides a person’s behavior.
Fictional Finalism
Adler stresses the _________, contending that people can only be understood as integrated and complete beings.
unity of personality
When people strive for goals that have meaning to them, they develop a ________, which is why behaviors in an individual are consistent. This unique lifestyle influences everything the client does
unique style of life
When Adler spoke of ________, he referred to the unique way we develop our own style of striving for competence
individuality
____________(Gemeinschaftsgefühl) are probably Adler’s most significant and distinctive concepts (Ansbacher, 1992). These terms refer to individuals’ awareness of being part of the human community and to individuals’ attitudes in dealing with the social world.
Social interest and community feeling
_________ is the action line of one’s community feeling, and it involves being as concerned about others as one is about onself. This concept involves the capacity to cooperate and contribute. It requires that we have enough contact with the present to make a move toward a meaningful future, that we are willing to give and to take, and that we develop our capacity for contributing to the welfare of others and striving for the betterment of humanity.
social interest
_________ includes striving for a better future for all humans
Social Interest
______ involves finding a place in society and obtaining a sense of belonging and contributing and identifying and empathy with others
social interest
Social interest refers to an individual’s _____ in dealing with the social world, it’s
a sense of identification and empathy with others.
attitude
Social interest involves being as concerned about others as _________.
one is about oneself
Central indicator of mental health ________________ (formula) because feelings of inferiority and alienation diminish.
Social interest = mental health
Individual Psychology rest on a central belief that our happiness and success are largely related to this social connectedness, we cannot be understood in _________.
isolation from social context
People must successfully master 5 tasks:
(1) Social task: build friendships
b. (2) Love-marriage task: establish intimacy c. (3) Occupational task (work): contribute to society d. (2 more tasks that Dreikurs and Mosak added are: i. (4) Acceptance (getting along with self) and
ii. (5) Spiritual dimension
Dysfunction in any one of the 5 tasks often indicates a __________.
psychological disorder
What are the Five Psychological Birth Positions?
A. Oldest B. Second of only two C. Middle D. Youngest E. Only
high achievement drive; may not share/cooperate; deals with adults; generally pampered by and tied to parents; likely to demand center stage; tends to have difficulties in life when he or she is no longer the center of attention; likely to become dependently tired to the mother
Only
– often feels left out/life is unfair; may be peacemaker; may be problem child; tends to feel squeezed out and may develop a conviction that life is unfair and a feeling of being cheated
Middle
– pampered child; tends to get his/her way; develop in ways others have not considered
Youngest
– receives much attention; hard-working and dependable; may believe that younger sibling will rob him/her
of love
Oldest
– very active (perhaps to pass the older sibling); find’s older sibling’s weaknesses and gets praised for failing in these weaknesses of the other; opposite of the first
Second of only 2
How do birth positions influence adulthood?
Influences adulthood because of how the child learned to relate to others (which goes into adulthood)
involves our convictions and beliefs that get in the way of social interest and that do not facilitate useful, constructive belonging.
Private logic
Clients’ problems arise because the conclusions based on their ______ often do not conform to the requirements of social living.
private logic
_________1. provides a central psychological unity for us 2. It is the philosophy that we base our lifestyle on 3. It often does not conform with the reality of social lifestyle 4. It is the concepts about self, others, and life that constitute the philosophy that the individual’s lifestyle is based on 5. Client problems are due to differences between this and requirements of social living 6. Clients need to learn to correct faulty assumptions and conclusions
private logic
Therapeutic Techniques and Procedures *the phases (or stages) are not rigid, they are:
1) Establishing the Therapeutic Relationship, (2) Exploring the Individual’s Psychological Dynamics, (3) Encourage Self-Understanding and Insight, and (4) Reorientation and Reeducation.
Techniques in counseling are geared to the __________ and the needs of the client.
phase of therapy
_______ has created Alderian Brief Therapy (ABT)
Dreikers
Relationship is key: based on caring, involvement, and friendship 1. Created by listening, responding, demonstrate respect, and exhibit
faith, hope, and caring 2. Therapists help client gain self-worth while decreasing discouragement by providing support 3. Encouragement is very important; Client must deal with personal issues that are significant and be willing to explore and change. Adlerians fit techniques to the needs of the client (which are mainly attending and listening with empathy, following client’s subjective experiences,identifying and clarifying goals, and suggesting initial hunches for this phase.
Phase 1: Establishing the Therapeutic Relationship
The Counselor’s function for ________: provide a wide-angle perspective that will eventually help the client view his/her world differently
Phase 1: Establishing the Therapeutic Relationship
The aim of the ________ of Adlerian counseling is to get a deeper understanding of an individual’s lifestyle.
second phase: Exploring the Individual’s Dynamics, Analysis and Assessment
This assessment phase proceeds from two interview forms:
the subjective interview and the objective interview.
Counselors also use ________ (counselor seeks to discover
information about: how problems in the client’s life began; any precipitating events; medical history; social history; reasons why client chose therapy now; client’s coping with life tasks; and lifestyle assessment)
objective interviews
Counselors use _________ (counselor helps client tell his/her story
as completely as possible and extracts patterns in the person’s life, develops hypothesis about what works for the client, and determines what accounts for the various concerns of client’s life)
subjective interviews
during the subjective interview, __________ is used to gain information about the client’s
purpose symptoms, actions, and difficulties
“The Question”
During the subjective interview, Therapist ask about the ________ in order to discover goals and motivations, reveal beliefs and basic mistakes, and to gain clues as to the development of the client’s lifestyle
earliest recollections
People’s interpretations are most important to remember 2. Lifestyle assessments seeks to: develop a holistic narrative of the person’s life; make sense of the way the person copes with life tasks; and uncover the private interpretations and logic involved with that coping.
These are important parts of
the objective interview
family of origin has a central impact on the individual’s personality (includes client’s evaluation of the family atmosphere, interactions between siblings and parents, the child’s psychological position in the family, parental relationship, family values, extended family, and culture)
Family Constellation
Hidden goals and purposes of behavior must be understood to gain insight (a special form of awareness that facilitates a meaningful understanding within the therapeutic relationship and acts as a foundation to change) ii. Counselors use disclosure and well-timed interpretations to help with insight that focus on present behavior and expectations and anticipations that arise from one’s intentionsiii. Interpretations are presented as hunches that are open-ended (which lets the client disagree if desired) that lead to client awareness, Open-ended Interpretations.
Part of phase ________
Phase 3: Encouraging Insight (self understanding)
i. Clients put insights into action as counselor encourages client to take risks, make changes, and seek new alternatives ii. Often, clients need not make significant changes, but be reoriented to the useful side of life, which involves a sense of belonging and value, an interest in others and their welfare, courage, acceptance of imperfection, confidence, humor, a willingness to contribute to society, and an outgoing friendliness (Useless side = self-absorption, withdrawn from life tasks, self-protection, or acts against others) iii. Encouragement is the most important intervention because Adlerians believe that discouragement is the basic condition that prevents people from functioning and discouragement can be overcome by encouragement iv. Encouragement Process: building courage by developing an awareness of strengths, belonging, and hope with a vision of new possibilities 1. Adlerians use a variety of cognitive, behavioral, and experiential techniques to help clients identify and challenge discouragement, because discouragement prevents people from functioning 2. Forms of Encouragement: phase 1 mutual respect; phase 2 clients recognize they have control; phase 4
Part of phase ____.
Phase 4: Helping with Reorientation and Reeducations
_______ use encouragement, challenges, confrontation, and tentative interpretations to examine client mistaken goals and faulty assumptions
Adlerian therapist
