Chapter 6 Flashcards
What’s the stored energy called?
Potential energy
What’s the first law of thermodynamics ?
The law of conservation of energy
What’s the law of conservation of energy?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be change from one form to another
What’s the second law of thermodynamics ?
Energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy
Entropy is…
The term entropy is used to indicate the relative amount of disorganization
What’s the second law of thermodynamics in terms of entropy?
Every energy transformation make the universe less organized and more disordered
What is free energy?
Delta G is the amount of energy available after a chemical energy has occurred
What does s negative delta G mean?
That the products have less energy than the reactants and the reaction will go forward.
What are exergonic reactions?
Exergonic reactions are spontaneous and release energy
What are endergonic reactions?
Endergonic reactions require an input of energy to occur.
What’s the energy of motion called?
Kinetic energy
What are the functions of ATP?
Chemical work
Transport work
Mechanical work
How does ATP do transport function?
By supplying the energy needed to pump substances across the plasma
…participate in chemical reactions but are not used up by the reaction
Catalysts
What are the reactants called in a enzymatic reaction?
Substrates
What’s the activation energy?
The energy that must be added to cause molecules to react with one another
Ea
What’s cofactor?
An inorganic ion that helps some enzymes to function properly.
What’s coenzyme?
Organic, non protein molecule that helps some enzymes to function properly .
Vitamins are components of cofactors or coenzymes?
Coenzymes
Iron, zinc and copper are cofactors or coenzymes?
Cofactors
What are the photosynthetic organisms called?
Autotrophs because they produce their own food
What are the cub Summer’s of preformed organic molecules called?
Heterotrophs
What’s the name of pigment that gives a red or yellow color to photosynthesizing cells?
Carotenoids
Carbon dioxide enters leaves through small openings called ….
Stomata
Sing. Stoma
The organelle that carry out photosynthesis ?
Chloroplast
What’s the fluid that fills the inside of a chloroplast?
Stroma
What’s the name of flattened sacks inside the chloroplast ?
Thylakoids
Thylakoids stack to form …
Granum
Plural: Grana
When discussing metabolic reactions, ….is the loss of electrons and ….is the gain of electrons.
Oxidation
Reduction
