Chap 5 Flashcards
What’s apoptosis?
Programmed cell death that decreases the number of cells
جنين
Embryo
What does somatic mean?
Related to body
What’s the enzymes that brings about apoptosis?
Caspase
What are the two sets of caspases?
- initiators
2. executioners
What’s the role of internal signals in control of cell cycle?
They make sure the stages follow each other in normal sequence
and that each stage is completed before the next stage begins.
What’s the role of external signals in controlling cell cycle?
They tell the cell weather or not to divide.
What’s the protein that increases and decreases as cell cycle proceeds ?
Cyclin
DNA damage can stope cell cycle at
G1 S or G2?
G1
What’s the protein that brings that stops cell cycle if DNA is damaged?
P53
At what stage cell cycle stops of chromosomes are not to be distributed accurately to the daughter cells?
M stage
What type of genes promote cell cycle and prevent apoptosis?
Proto-oncogenes
Which type of genes stope cell cycle and promote apoptosis?
Tumor suppressor genes
When a tumor is surrounded by a fibrous capsule, it’s called…
Benign tumor
The cells of …tumor don’t resemble normal cells and are able to invade surrounding tissues
Malignant
تخمدان
Ovary
Protein that play structural role in chromosome?
Histones
What’s chromatin made of?
DNA and protein
2n number of chromosomes is called?
Diploid
The n number of chromosomes is called
Haploid
تخمدان
Ovary
Protein that play structural role in chromosome?
Histones
What’s chromatin made of?
DNA and protein
2n number of chromosomes is called?
Diploid
The n number of chromosomes is called
Haploid
At what phase DNA replication happens in meiosis?
Prior to meiosis I
Members of a pair of chromosomes are called ….
Homologous chromosomes
Sex cells are called….
Gamete
At what phase of meiosis synapsids happens?
Prophase I
At what phase of meiosis nuclear envelope fragments and nucleolus disappears ?
Prophase I
What’s crossing-over in meiosis?
Exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of the homologous
The period of time between meiosis I and II is called …
Interkinesis
The cell formed through joining of gametes (sperm and egg) is called…
Zygote
بيضه
Testis
Plural: testes
تخمك
Ovum
After spermatocytes go through meiosis I they produce 2 ….
Secondary spermatocytes
When secondary spermatocytes go through meiosis the produce 4 …
Spermatids
Spermatids mature into ….
Spermatozoa
