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Psychology > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

All the current models of memory involve

A

Encoding, storage and retrieval

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2
Q

A model of memory which proposes that how long a memory will be remembered depends on the depth to which it was processed

A

Levels-of-processing

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3
Q

A model which proposes that memories are created and stored across a network of neutral circuits simultaneously or in other words, in a parallel fashion

A

Parallel distributed processing model

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4
Q

A model which proposes that memory is divided into sensory, short term, and long term

A

Information-processing model

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5
Q

Information processing model is divided into three components:

A

Sensory, short term and long term

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6
Q

First stage of memory and involves information from our sensory systems

A

Sensory memory

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7
Q

Visual sensory memory that was studied by _____. Describes that everything that can be seen at one time has only a duration of half a second

A

Iconic memory, George spelling

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8
Q

Known as photographic memory, the ability to access visual sensory memory over a long period of time

A

Eidetic imagery

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9
Q

Memory of auditory information and had the capacity of what can be heard at any one moment and has a duration of two seconds

A

Echoic memory

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10
Q

The process in which information moved from sensory memory to short term memory

A

Selective attention

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11
Q

Another name for short term memory

A

Working memory

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12
Q

Studied the capacity of short term memory using the digit span memory test

A

George Miller

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13
Q

The process of reorganizing the information into meaningful units

A

Chunking

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14
Q

Duration of short term memory without rehearsal

A

10-30 seconds

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15
Q

Describes the process of continuing to pay attention to a piece of information

A

Maintenance rehearsal

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16
Q

Third stage of memory proposed by the information-processing theory and has an essentially capacity and duration

A

Long term memory

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17
Q

A way of transferring information by making it meaningful

A

Elaborating rehearsal

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18
Q

Long term memories can be divided into two types

A

Procedural and declarative

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19
Q

Memories for skills and habits, for things people can do.

A

Procedural or nondeclarative

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20
Q

Memories of facts, or things people can know

A

Declarative

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21
Q

Two types of declarative memories

A

Semantic and episodic

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22
Q

Memory for the meaning of words and concepts

A

Semantic

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23
Q

The memory of events and episodes

A

Episodic memory

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24
Q

Procedural memories are stored in the

A

Cerebellum and amygdala

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25
Q

Declarative memories involve the

A

Frontal and temporal lobes

26
Q

Procedural memory is sometimes referred to as

Nearly impossible to state in words

A

Implicit memory

27
Q

Declarative memory AKA

Easily verbalized

A

Explicit memory

28
Q

Suggests that information is stored in the brain in a connected fashion with related concepts physically close to each other

A

Semantic network model

29
Q

Describes the process of pulling memories out of long term memory

A

Retrieval

30
Q

A stimulus that aids in the process of remembering

A

Retrieval cue

31
Q

When the environment is which you learned an item serves as a retrieval cue, it is referred to as

A

Encoding specificity

32
Q

If an emotional state serves as a retrieval cue it is called

A

State-dependent learning

33
Q

Information can be retrieved through the process of __, such as filling the blanks or ___, such as multiple choice questions in which the correct answer needs only to be recognized

A

Recall and recognition

34
Q

Describes finding that information at the beginning and end of a list is more likely to be remembered than the info in the middle

A

Serial position effect

35
Q

Proposes that the information at the beginning of the list is remembered due to rehearsal

A

Primacy effect

36
Q

Proposes that the info at the end of the list is remembered due to the fact that it is still in short term memory

A

Recency effect

37
Q

Occurs when someone recognizes a piece of info as a memory even though it did not happen

A

False positive

38
Q

Spent more than 30 yrs investigating the reliability of eyewitness memories

A

Elizabeth Loftus

39
Q

A term used to describe the memory process when we aren’t actively paying attention to the information

A

Automatic encoding

40
Q

A specific type of automatic encoding that occurs when an unexpected and often emotional event occurs

A

Flashbulb memory

41
Q

Retrieval of memories is a

A

Constructive process

42
Q

False information presented after an event influences the memory of that event

A

Misinformation effect

43
Q

When suggestions from others create inaccurate or false memories this is referred to as

A

False memory syndrome

44
Q

Tendency of people to falsely believe that they would have been able to accurately predict a result

A

Hindsight bias

45
Q

One of the first scientists to systematically study the process of forgetting

A

Herman Ebbinghaus

46
Q

Ebbinghaus presented his findings in a visual graph called the

A

Curve of forgetting

47
Q

Causes of forgetting

A

Encoding failure
Decay of memory trace
Proactive interference
Retroactive interference

48
Q

Occurs when the information does not make it past the initial encoding process and never really becomes a memory

A

Encoding failure

49
Q

Occurs when info from the past disrupts newly learned info

A

Proactive interference

50
Q

Occurs when they newly learned info interferes with the memories of the info from the past

A

Retroactive interference

51
Q

A technique which greatly improves memory if study sessions are spaced out

A

Distributed practice

52
Q

Storage of short term memories

A

Prefrontal cortex and the temporal lobe

53
Q

Process of physically storing a memory in your brain and consists of a number of changes including an increase in receptor sites, increased sensitivity

A

Consolidation

54
Q

A specific protein which may control the production of new proteins within the mammalian nervous system

A

4E-BP2

55
Q

Been found to play an important role in the formation of new memories

A

Hippocampus

56
Q

A disorder characterized by severe memory loss

A

Amnesia

57
Q

An inability to retrieve memories from the past

A

Retrograde amnesia

58
Q

Inability to form new memories

A

Anterograde amnesia

59
Q

Inability to remember events from the first few years of life has been described as

A

Infantile amnesia

60
Q

Type of dementia that is associated with severe memory loss

A

Alzheimer’s disease

61
Q

An active system that receives information from the senses, organized and alters it as it stores it and then retrieves information from storage

A

Memory

Psychology (6 decks)

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