Chapter 6 Flashcards
Psychostimulants
DEFINE
Psychostimulant Drugs
Drugs that result in an increase in psychomotor and sympathetic nervous system activity
DEFINE
Alkaloids
plant-derived physiologically active compounds that contain nitrogen
LIST
What 2 active compounds are derived from the Ephedra plant?
Ephedrine and Pseudoephedrine
EXPLAIN
What is ephendrine and pseudoephedrnie used for in medicine?
Cold remedies
EXPLAIN
What are amphetamines and some uses?
A class of psychostimulants that share a similar structure; used for increasing blood pressure, treating ADHD, and improving alertness (in WWII)
LIST
What are the 2 optical isomer forms that amphetamines exist in?
D-amphetamine and l-amphetamine
D-type is 3-5x more potent
DEFINE
Racemic mixture
A mixture that contains equal amounts of both d-amphetamine and I-amphetamine
ie. Benzedrine
LIST
What drugs are used in the treatment of ADHD?
- Adderall
- Methamphetamine (Desoxyn)
- Methylphenidate (Ritalin + Concerta)
LIST
What are the 3 theraputic routes of administration?
- Oral (Pill)
- Transdermal
- Liquid
LIST
What are the 4 recreational routes of administration?
- Injection
- Insufflation
- Inhalation
- Gingival (Gums)
EXPLAIN
When is cocaethylene produced?
When cocaine is metabolized in the liver in the presence of alcohol
EXPLAIN
What effect does amphetamine and methamphetamine have on Monoamine Neurotransmitters?
It increases the levels of dopamine in the synapses, also enchances 5-HT and NE levels
EXPLAIN
What is the differene between amphetamines and Methylphenidates/Cathinones?
Methylphenidates and Cathinones are less effectiviness
EXPLAIN
What effect does concaine have on Monoamine Neurotransmitters?
- Blocks monoamine reuptake
- Increases storage in synaptic vesicles
- blocks NA+ channel
EXPLAIN
What is the cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript?
Neuropeptides produced with the use of psychostimulants
EXPLAIN
What are the 2 different effects a cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript can have?
On its own: increases dopamine; acting as a psychostimulant
Combined with a psychostimulant: Reduces the effect of the psychostimulant
DEFINE
Sympathomimetics
stimulants that mimic the effects of the sympathetic nervous system
Also acts as appetite suppressants
DEFINE
Punding
compulsive performance of repetitive, mechanical tasks
LIST
What drugs may be used to help with the treatment of drug addiction?
- Disulfiram
- Modafinil
- Tricyclics
- Anticonvulstants
