Chapter 5

Question 1

DEFINE

What does the ‘Harrison Narcotics Act’ involve?

US legislation in 1915

Answer 1

Narcotics are only allowed to be used for medicinal uses

Question 2

DEFINE

What does the ‘Controlled Substances Act’ involve?

US legislation in 1970

Answer 2

Defines a classification system for drugs

Question 3

DEFINE

What is a controlled substance schedule?

Answer 3

A class within drugs are grouped into under the controlled substance act.

as the number increases, the medicinal use increases and decreased risk of abuse

Question 4

EXPLAIN

What does it mean for a drug to be ‘Schedule I’?

Answer 4

Drug is deemed to have no medicinal benefit and is at high risk for abuse

Weed is currently under this classification, also LSD and Heroin

Question 5

EXPLAIN

What does it mean for a drug to be ‘Schedule II’?

Answer 5

The drug is at high risk for abuse, but has a reconized medicinal use

ex. Cocaine, Morphine, PCP

Question 6

DEFINE

Designer Drug

Answer 6

A drug that is designed to circumvent drug scheduling

ex. Bath Salts

Question 7

EXPLAIN

What is the Harming Rate Scales?

Answer 7

An alternative method to drug shceduling where a drug is ranked on a scale within 3 different catagories to assign it a rating

Question 8

LIST

What are the 3 attributes drugs are ranked on?

Answer 8

1. Physical Harm
2. Addiction
3. Societal Harm

Question 9

DEFINE

Substance Use Disorder

Answer 9

A cluster of cognitive, behavioural, and physiological symptoms that indicate an addiction to a given drug

Question 10

EXPLAIN

How does Associative Learning Principles tie into drug use?

Use example of Operant Conditioning or Classical Conditioning

Answer 10

Drugs can play the role of the different stimulus in these principles, such as conditioned stimulus (Operant Conditioning) or be encouraged to continue use due to reinforcements (Classical Conditioning)

Question 11

DEFINE

Goal-Directed Behaviour

Answer 11

Behaviour that occurs when an organism engages in learned behaviours to achieve a desired goal

Question 12

LIST

What are the 4 addictional models?

Answer 12

1. Drive Theory
2. Opponent-Process Theory
3. Incentive Salience
4. Disease

Question 13

EXPLAIN

What is the Drive Theory of addiction?

Answer 13

The idea that repeated drug use leds to a drive to use of a drug for its positive reinforcing effects

Question 14

EXPLAIN

What is the Opponent-Process Theory of addiction?

Answer 14

The idea that the effect of a drug is automatically counteracted by our bodies to maintain homeostasis

Question 15

DEFINE

Allostasis

Answer 15

the process by which the body responds to stressors in order to regain homeostasis

Question 16

DEFINE

Incentive salience

Answer 16

Attribution of salient motivational value to otherwise neutral stimuli

Question 17

EXPLAIN

What is the Incentive-Salience model of addiction?

Answer 17

The idea that addiction occurs when there is a shift from liking to wanting a drug

liking: Enjoying the drug effects
Wanting: A motovational state where one pursues the drug

Question 18

EXPLAIN

What is the disease theory of addiction?

Answer 18

The perception of addiction being a medical disease of disrupted neurological processes

Question 19

EXPLAIN

What part of the brain is involved in reward circuitry?

Answer 19

The Mesolimbic Dopamine Pathway

Question 20

LIST

What are the 3 parts of the Mesolimbic Dopamine Pathway?

Answer 20

1. Ventral Tegmental Area
2. Nucleus Accumbens
3. Ventral Pallidum