Chapter 1 Flashcards
Intro to Psychopharmacology
DEFINE
Drug
An administered substance that affects physiological functioning
DEFINE
Instrumental Drug Use
When a drug is used for its specific purpose that is is perscribed for
DEFINE
Recreational Drug Use
When a drug is used purely to experience the drug side effects
EXPLAIN
What is the difference between a dependence and an addiction?
A dependence is when the drug helps with your functioning day to day but you dont take extreme measures in order to have the drug, while an addiction is more extreme and those struggling with it often take extreme measures in order to be able to take their drug of choice
EXPLAIN
What is the meaning of an Effective Dose 50 (ED50)?
A dosage that produces the target response in 50% of individuals
DEFINE
Potency
The amount of drug required for some level of effect
A lower dose means higher potency
EXPLAIN
What is a Toxic Dose 50 (TD50)?
The dose that produces a toxic effect in 50% of individuals
DEFINE
Therapeutic Index
The difference between the effective dose of a drug and the toxic dose
EXPLAIN
How is the Therapeutic Index calculated?
TD50/ED50
a result of less than 1 means total seperation at 50% and is ideal
EXPLAIN
How do you calculate Certain Safety Index?
TD1/ED99
Looking for a CSI of more than 1 to indicate no curve overlap
EXPLAIN
What is the difference between Additive and Synergistic Drug effects
Additive means that the drugs combined effect is just each drugs independant effect combined, while Synergistic means that the 2 drugs react to create a greater effect than just their independant reactions
DEFINE
Pharmacodynamics
The physiological actions of the drug on the body
DEFINE
Pharmacokinetics
How drugs pass through and are removed by the body
Kinetics: concerned with measuring and studying the rates of reactions
DEFINE
Pharmacogenetics
The study of how genetics influence pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
LIST and EXPLAIN
What are the 5 types of validity?
Internal: Ability to control variables that may influence the study
External: Ability to apply findings to real world conditions
Face: Measures what it is designed to measure
Construct: How well the results of the finding relate to the underlying theory of the study
Predictive: Ability to be used to predict treatment results
LIST
What are the 3 Rs of Animal Research?
Assesses if animal studies are really required
Replace, Reduce, Refine
LIST
What are the 6 stages of Theraputic Drug Development?
- Identify Disorder
- Drug Synthesis
- Biological Experimentation
- Focused Screening
- Safety Pharmocology
- Clinical Trials
EXPLAIN
What are the goals of the 4 phases of Clinical Trials?
- Determine most common adverse effect that may occur during treatment
- Determine its effectiveness (Short-term)
- Determine its effectiveness (Long-term)
- Further determinationsof effectiveness and adverse effects while on market
EXPLAIN
In what phase of clinical trials does the drug begin being given to those with the intended condition?
Phase 2
EXPLAIN
In what stage does the dose begin to be given long-term to participants of the clinical trial?
Stage 3
