Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

psych 104 > chapter 6 > Flashcards

chapter 6 Flashcards

memory

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

memory

A

the ability to store and retrieve info over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

encoding

A

the process of transforming what we perceive, think , or feel into an enduring memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

storage

A

the process of maintaining info in memory over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

retrieval

A

the process of bringing to mind info that has been previously encoded and stored

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

semantic encoding

A

the process of relating new info in a meaningful way to knowledge that is already stored in memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

visual imagery encoding

A

the process of storing new info by converting it into mental pictures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

organizational encoding

A

the process of categorizing info according to the relationship among a series of items

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

mnemonics

A

encoding strategies that improve subsequent retrieval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

sensory memory

A

a type of storage that holds sensory for a few seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

iconic memory

A

a fast decaying store of visual info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

echoic memory

A

a fast decaying store of auditory info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

short term memory

A

a type of storage that holds non sensory info for more than a few seconds but less than a minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

rehearsal

A

the process of keeping info in short term memory by mentally repeating it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

serial position effect

A

the observation that the 1st and last few items in a series are more likely to be recalled that the items in the middle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

chunking

A

combining small pieces of info into larger clusters that are more easily held in short term memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

working memory

A

active maintenance of info in short term memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

long term memory

A

a type of storage that hold info for hours, days, months, or years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

anterograde amnesia

A

the inability to transfer new info from the short term store to long term store

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

the inability to retrieve info that was acquired before a particular date, usually the date of an injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

consolidation

A

the process by which memories become stable in the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

reconsolidation

A

the process whereby memories can become vulnerable to disruption when they are recalled, thus requiring them to be consolidates again

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

long term potentiation (LTP)

A

a process whereby repeated communication across the synapse between neurons strengthens the connection, making further communication easier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

retrieval cue

A

external info that is associated with stored info and helps bring it to mind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

encoding specificity principle

A

the idea that a retrieval cue can be an effective reminder when it helps recreate the specific way in which info was initially encoded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

state dependent retrieval

A

the process whereby info tends to be better recalled when the person is in the same state during encoding and retrieval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

transfer appropriate processing

A

the idea that memory is likely to transfer from 1 situation to another when the encoding and retrieval contexts of the situations match

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

retrieval induced forgetting

A

a process by which retrieving an item from long term memory impairs subsequent recall of related items

28
Q

explicit memory

A

the act of consciously or intentionally retrieving past experiences.

29
Q

implicit memory

A

the influence of past experiences on later behavior and performance even without an effort to remember them or an awareness of the recollection

30
Q

procedural memory

A

the gradual acquisition of skills as a result of practice, or “knowing how” to do things

31
Q

priming

A

an enhanced ability to think of a stimulus, such as a word or object, as a result of recent exposure to that stimulus during an earlier study task

32
Q

semantic memory

A

a network of associated facts and concepts that make up our general knowledge of the world

33
Q

episodic memory

A

the collection of past personal experiences that occurred at a particular time and place

34
Q

transience

A

forgetting what occurs with the passage of time

35
Q

retroactive interference

A

interference with retention of old info due to acquisition of new info

36
Q

proactive interference

A

interference with acquisition of new info due to previous learning of info

37
Q

absentmindedness

A

a lapse in attention that results in memory failure

38
Q

prospective memory

A

remembering to do things in the future

39
Q

blocking

A

a failure to retrieve info that is available in memory even though you are trying to produce it

40
Q

source memory

A

recall of when, where, and how info was acquired

41
Q

false recognition

A

a feeling of familiarity about something that hasn’t been encountered before

42
Q

suggestibility

A

the tendency to incorporate misleading info from external sources into personal experiences

43
Q

bias

A

the distorting influences of present knowledge, beliefs, and feelings on recollection of previous experiences.

44
Q

persistence

A

the intrusive recollection of events that we wish we could forget

45
Q

flashbulb memories

A

detailed recollections of when and where we heard about shocking events

46
Q

memory illusion

A

false but subjectively compelling memory

47
Q

retention interval

A

a period during which the learning or practice pf a behavior does not occur

48
Q

interference

A

loss of info from memory because of competition from additional incoming info

49
Q

decay

A

fading of info from memory over time

50
Q

magic number

A

the assumed span of short term memory ; 7 + or - pieces of new info

51
Q

maintenance rehearsal

A

repeating stimuli in their original form to retain them in short term memory

52
Q

elaborative rehearsal

A

linking stimuli to each other in a meaningful way to improve retention of info in shorty term memory

53
Q

levels of processing/ depth processing

A

a model of memory that posits the more deeply we process info, the better we are at remembering it ( transferring it to LTM). has 3 levels; structural ( visual), phonological (auditory), semantic (its meaning).

54
Q

permastore

A

type of long term memory that appears to be permanent

55
Q

primacy effect

A

tendency to remember words at the beginning of a list especially well. traditionally thought to reflect LTM processes

56
Q

recency effect

A

tendency to remember words at the end of a list especially well. traditionally thought to reflect STM processes.

57
Q

repeated retrieval

A

repeatedly trying to recall/ use material over time. i.e. quizzing yourself

58
Q

semantic priming

A

semantically relating words will result in faster reaction times

59
Q

memory as a network of associations

A

theory that memory can be represented as a network of associated concepts. each concept is represented by a node, and lines between each node represent associations.

60
Q

engram

A

hypothesized, physical trace of a memory with in the brain. Karl Lashley, trained rats in a maze. lesioned brain areas

61
Q

Hebbian learning

A

Donald Hebb. hypothesized that when axon of cell 1 is close enough to excite cell 2 and does this continuously, some growth process/ metabolic change takes place in one or both cells. such that cell 1’s efficiency is increased

62
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

degenerative brain disease that results in dementia. language and other body processes deteriorate. strong genetic component associated with neurological abnormalities like deterioration of acetylcholine neurons in cortex

63
Q

infantile amnesia

A

inability of adults to remember personal experiences that took place before an early age . occurs for events before 2-3. may be due to underdeveloped hippocampus

64
Q

crypto amnesia

A

failure to recognize that our ideas originates with someone else. may be result of source monitoring confusion/ lack of clarity of origin of memory

65
Q

misinformation effect

A

creation of fictitious memories by providing misleading info about an event after it takes place

psych 104 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions