chapter 6 Flashcards
germinal dihalide
2 halogen atoms bonded to same carbon atom
vicinal dihalide
2 halogens bonded to adjacent carbon atoms
what are many alkyl halides used for
anesthetics
freons/chlorofluorocarbons
fluorinated haloalkanes that were developed to replace ammonia as a refrigerant gas
do molecules with higher or lower molecular weights have higher boiling points
higher
substitution
nucleophile replaces a levering group from a carbon atom
is Sn2 one or two steps
one
what does SN2 stand for
substitution, nucleophilic, bimolecular
what is the overall order of Sn2
second
what is the overall order of Sn1
first
what solvent is used for KF Sn2 reactions
18-crown-6
steric hinderance
when bulky groups interfere with a reaction by virtue of their size
polarizable
electrons are more loosely held, and can move more freely toward positive charge
polar protic solvents
OH, H2O, amine, carboxylic acid
- have acidic proton
polar aprotic solvents
without OH or NH groups
conditions of good leaving group
- electron withdrawing
- stable on its own
should leaving groups be weak or strong bases/nucleophiles
weak
ex. of good leaving groups
halides, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, water, OH-R, amines, sulfides
do Sn2 or Sn1 reactions result in inversion
Sn2
is Sn2 or Sn1 called solvolysis
Sn1
what kind of carbon does Sn1 favor
3
what kind of carbon does Sn2 favor
1
does Sn1 favor protic or aprotic solvents
protic
does Sn2 favor protic or aprotic solvents
aprotic
what is the rate-limiting compound in Sn1 reactions
carbocation
which reaction includes racemization
Sn1
