chapter 6

Question 1

germinal dihalide

Answer 1

2 halogen atoms bonded to same carbon atom

Question 2

vicinal dihalide

Answer 2

2 halogens bonded to adjacent carbon atoms

Question 3

what are many alkyl halides used for

Answer 3

anesthetics

Question 4

freons/chlorofluorocarbons

Answer 4

fluorinated haloalkanes that were developed to replace ammonia as a refrigerant gas

Question 5

do molecules with higher or lower molecular weights have higher boiling points

Answer 5

higher

Question 6

substitution

Answer 6

nucleophile replaces a levering group from a carbon atom

Question 7

is Sn2 one or two steps

Answer 7

one

Question 8

what does SN2 stand for

Answer 8

substitution, nucleophilic, bimolecular

Question 9

what is the overall order of Sn2

Answer 9

second

Question 10

what is the overall order of Sn1

Answer 10

first

Question 11

what solvent is used for KF Sn2 reactions

Answer 11

18-crown-6

Question 12

steric hinderance

Answer 12

when bulky groups interfere with a reaction by virtue of their size

Question 13

polarizable

Answer 13

electrons are more loosely held, and can move more freely toward positive charge

Question 14

polar protic solvents

Answer 14

OH, H2O, amine, carboxylic acid
- have acidic proton

Question 15

polar aprotic solvents

Answer 15

without OH or NH groups

Question 16

conditions of good leaving group

Answer 16

• electron withdrawing
• stable on its own

Question 17

should leaving groups be weak or strong bases/nucleophiles

Answer 17

weak

Question 18

ex. of good leaving groups

Answer 18

halides, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, water, OH-R, amines, sulfides

Question 19

do Sn2 or Sn1 reactions result in inversion

Answer 19

Sn2

Question 20

is Sn2 or Sn1 called solvolysis

Answer 20

Sn1

Question 21

what kind of carbon does Sn1 favor

Answer 21

3

Question 22

what kind of carbon does Sn2 favor

Answer 22

1

Question 23

does Sn1 favor protic or aprotic solvents

Answer 23

protic

Question 24

does Sn2 favor protic or aprotic solvents

Answer 24

aprotic

Question 25

what is the rate-limiting compound in Sn1 reactions

Answer 25

carbocation

Question 26

which reaction includes racemization

Answer 26

Sn1