ch. 12 Flashcards

1
Q

IR spectroscopy observes the __________ of bonds

A

vibrations

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2
Q

speed of light

A

3 x 10^10 cm/second
(3 x 10^8 m/second)

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3
Q

c =

A

v (lambda)

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4
Q

E =

A

hv

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5
Q

electronic waves travel as _____________

A

photons

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6
Q

electromagnetic spectrum from highest energy to lowest

A

gamma, X rays, UV, visible light, infrared, microwaves, radio

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7
Q

molecular effect of X rays

A

ionization

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8
Q

molecular effect of UV radiation

A

electronic transitions

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9
Q

molecular effect of infrared

A

molecular vibrations

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10
Q

molecular effect of microwaves

A

rotational movement

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11
Q

molecular effect of radio waves

A

nuclear spin transitions

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12
Q

wavenumber

A

1/lambda

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13
Q

when the bond is compressed, its dipole moment ______________

A

decreases

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14
Q

when the bond is stretched, its dipole moment _______________

A

increases

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15
Q

what is found in the 3300-3400 region

A

alcohol, amine, alkyne (terminal)

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16
Q

what is found in the 3000 region

A

just above - sp2 CH
just below - sp3 CH
carboxylic acid

17
Q

what is found around 2200

A

just below: alkyne
just above: nitrile

18
Q

what is found around 1710

19
Q

carbonyl compounds from left to right

A
  • esters (1735)
  • aldehydes (1725)
  • ketones/acids (1710)
  • amides (1650)
20
Q

does conjugation lower or raise frequency

21
Q

what is found at about 1660

A
  • alkene
  • imine
  • amide
22
Q

what is found at 1000-1200

A

C-O stretch

23
Q

do we usually use low or high resolution mass spectrometry

24
Q

mass spectrometry sign of Cl

A

M+2 third as large as M+

25
Q

mass spectrometry sign of Br

A

M+2 as large as M+

26
Q

mass spectrometry sign of I

27
Q

mass spectrometry sign of N

A

odd M+, some even fragments

28
Q

mass spectrometry sign of S

A

M+2 larger than usual