1.1 - 1.7

Question 1

definition of organic chemistry

Answer 1

chemistry of carbon compounds

Question 2

what does the diversity of carbon provide

Answer 2

life on earth

Question 3

what was ochem originally the study of

Answer 3

compounds extracted from living organisms and their natural products
- sugar, urea, oils

Question 4

vitalism

Answer 4

natural products needed a “vital force” to create them

Question 5

ex. of inorganic chemistry

Answer 5

gas, rock, stones

Question 6

what is added to ammonium cyanate to create urea

Answer 6

heat

Question 7

what are atoms made up of

Answer 7

• protons
• neutrons
• electrons

Question 8

what is each elements distinguished by

Answer 8

number of protons in nucleus (atomic number)

Question 9

isotopes

Answer 9

elements with same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 10

where are electrons bound to nuclei found

Answer 10

in orbitals

Question 11

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Answer 11

we can never determine exactly where an electron is, but we can determine the electron density

Question 12

electron density

Answer 12

probability of the finding the electron in a particular part of the orbital

Question 13

node

Answer 13

region of zero electron density

Question 14

S orbital shape

Answer 14

spherical

Question 15

nodal plane

Answer 15

flat, planar region of space, including the nucleus, with zero electron density

Question 16

shape of P orbitals

Answer 16

dumbbell

Question 17

degenerate orbitals

Answer 17

orbitals with identical energies
- 2px, 2py, 2pz

Question 18

Pauli exclusion principle

Answer 18

each orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons, provided that their spins are paired

Question 19

Hund’s rule

Answer 19

when there are 2+ orbitals of the same energy, electrons go into different orbitals rather than pair up in the same orbital

Question 20

valence electrons

Answer 20

electrons in outer shell

Question 21

how can you find valence electron number

Answer 21

group number

Question 22

electron shell is determined by looking at the _____________

Answer 22

period

Question 23

what electrons take part in chemical bonding/reactions

Answer 23

valence

Question 24

octet rule

Answer 24

atoms desire 8 electrons in their outer shell so it will be filled
- except H and He want 2

Question 25

a filled shell of electrons is the electron configuration of a ________________-

Answer 25

noble gas

Question 26

which elements have an expanded octet

Answer 26

elements in third and higher rows

Question 27

expanded octet

Answer 27

more than 8 electrons because they have low-lying d orbitals available

Question 28

ionic bonding

Answer 28

giving/taking electrons

Question 29

covalent bonding

Answer 29

sharing electrons

Question 30

lone pair

Answer 30

pair of nonbonding electrons

Question 31

valence

Answer 31

number of bonds an atom usually forms
- C: tetravalent
- N: trivalent
- O: divalent
- H: monovalent

Question 32

non polar covalent bond

Answer 32

equal sharing of electrons

Question 33

polar covalent bond

Answer 33

unequal sharing of electrons

Question 34

how is bond polarity measured

Answer 34

dipole moment

Question 35

dipole moment

Answer 35

amount of partial charge multiplied by the bond length

Question 36

bonds and lone pairs of carbon

Answer 36

4,0

Question 37

bonds and lone pairs of nitrogen

Answer 37

3,1

Question 38

bonds and lone pairs of oxygen

Answer 38

2,2

Question 39

bonds and lone pairs of hydrogen

Answer 39

1,0

Question 40

bonds and lone pairs of halogens

Answer 40

1,3